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RAD 1127 > O2 Therapy > Flashcards

O2 Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

How important is O2 to life?

A

Oxygen is Essential to life

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2
Q

How long can a person last without O2 before irreversible brain damage occurs?

A

4-6 mins before Irreversible brain damage

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3
Q

Without O2, what happens to celluar metabolism?

A

Cellular metabolism will cease and death will eventually occur

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4
Q

What is the function of the Respiratory system?

A

It is the exchange of O2 and Co2 between the external environment and the circulatory system.

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5
Q

What are the major features of the lung?

A

Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveolis

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6
Q

What are the Alevioles?

A

They are tiny microscopic vessel-lined sacs in which O2 and CO2 gas are exchanged

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7
Q

What is the pleural cavity composed of?

A

It comprises layers of membrane lining in the lung and chest cavity.

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8
Q

Roles of Radiographers, how do we ensure the tube does not become a source of Infections?

A
  1. We ensure the tube does not become a source of infections by letting only a single patient use it and be discarded after use.
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9
Q

What must we be ready to respond to?

A

The Radiographer (we) must be ready to respond to potentially dangerous changes in the patient

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10
Q

Whats the Radiographers responsibility with reposition the O2 equipment? Ie. Tubes

A

So that they do not cause artifacts in films or become superimposed over anatomy for radiographic procedures. TUBES NOT KINKED OR DISCONNECTED

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11
Q

UNER NO CIRCUMSTANCE

A

should the O2 equipment be completely removed to obtain a radiograph.

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12
Q

What is the Pulmonary Function?

A

It is the lung’s ability to exchange O2 and Co2 efficiently.

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13
Q

What blood transports oxygen to the body tissue?

A

The Arterial Blood

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14
Q

What is ABG’s abbreviated?

A

Arterial Blood Gases

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15
Q

What is Arterial Blood gases?

A

It is a lab value that measures the arterial blood concentration of O2, CO2 and PH (ACIDITY) and other gases

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16
Q

pH of Normal Arterial blood

A

7.35-7.45

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17
Q

What condition develops when the ABGS becomes inadequate to meet patient needs?

A

Hypoxemia ( Not enough 02 in blood)

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18
Q

When a person has HYPOXEMIA, this means?

A

It is a condition of insufficiency of oxygenation in the blood ( Not enough O2 in blood)

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19
Q

When a person is HYPOXIC, this means?

A

This is a deficiency in the amount of O2 reaching the tissues

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20
Q

WHAT ARE THE SIGNS OF HYPOXIA?

A

Rapid heart rate, Cyanosis, Dyspnea, Rapid and shallow breaths.

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21
Q

What 4 tissues are most sensitive to Hypoxia?

A

Lung, Liver, Heart, Brain

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22
Q

What are the average Rate of Respiration for ADULTS?

A

12-20 breaths per min

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23
Q

What are the average Rate of Respiration for a child ?

A

20-30 breaths per min

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24
Q

What are the average Rate of Respiration for babies/infant?

A

30-60 breaths per minute

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25
Q

What respiratory rate is considered to be decreased/low?

A

Less than 10 breaths per minute

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26
Q

What are the 5 things that may cause a decreased rate of breath?

A

Cyanosis, Confusion, Apprehension, Restlessness, Loss of Consciousness

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27
Q

What is the Goal of 02 Therapy?

A

It maintains adequate tissue oxygenation while minimizing cardiopulmonary work

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28
Q

What are 4 good indications for O2 therapy?

A
  1. Corrects Hypoxemia or suspected hypoxia
  2. Reduces Respiratory distress
  3. Prevents/minimize cardiopulmonary workload ( increased heart rate, BP, Respiratory rate)
  4. Compensate for Hypoxia, the metabolic rate of body becomes comprised and the Heart Rate, Bp and Respiations will INCREASE
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29
Q

In hospitals o2 may be delivered through?

A

O2 tanks (portable o2 tank), wall delivery systems (wall O2 outlets)

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30
Q

What is the only way you can temporary remove the oxygen?

A

By the consent and Supervision of a MD or attending nurse

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31
Q

Is oxygen a medication?

A

Yes, it must be prescribed by a doctor

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32
Q

How is Oxygen prescribed?

A

It is prescribed as a Percentage (26%) or Fraction (0.26)

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33
Q

What happens when oxygen is given at 100%?

A

It will cause damage to the lungs

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34
Q

What is Fractional Concentration described as?

A

FIO2

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35
Q

What is Saturation of Oxygen hemoglobin?

A

SAO2

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36
Q

What is the Flow rate of Oxygen measured in?

A

Measured in LPM ( Liters per minute)

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37
Q

What is Oxygen Flow rate usually ?

A

3-5 LMP

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38
Q

When oxygen flow rates are high, what happens?

A

The O2 is humidified to prevent excessive drying of the mucous membranes.

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39
Q

O2 Care 1

A

Care must be taken not to reduce flow while positioning (ie. Bending or pinching of tubes)

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40
Q

O2 Care 2

A

Oxygen is not flammable, but combustion is possible

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41
Q

2 Following should not be done around O2 therapy

A
  1. No smoking is allowed around 02 therapy
  2. RT’s must be careful not to produce sparks with x-ray equipment
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42
Q

O2 IS A DRUG and must be ordered?

A

t

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43
Q

O2 ESSENTIAL TO LIFE PROCESSES? TRUE OR FALSE

A

t

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44
Q

DESCRIPTION OF OXYGEN

A

Its colorless, tasteless and odorless gas

45
Q

What is the Critical role of O2?

A

It plays a role in Efficient cellular metabolism

46
Q

How much % of atmospheric gas does Oxygen makes up?

A

It makes up of 21% of atmospheric gas

47
Q

Is O2 Flammable?

A

No

48
Q

Does O2 supports combustion?

A

Yes

49
Q

Primary indications for O2 indications

A

To correct Hypoxemia and possible tissue Hypoxia

50
Q

What are the 2 regulator valves the Portable O2 tanks contain?

A
  1. Valve that Indicates how much O2 is in the tank
  2. Valve that displays the rate of flow
51
Q

3 ways Physicians will order O2

A
  1. Specified LMP, 2. Concentration % of O2 3. Method of Delivery (ie. Facemask)
52
Q

What is a pulse Oximeter?

A

A non-invasive photoelectric device which may be attached to fingers or earlobe. That measures the oxygen saturation (SAO2) or O2 SAT) of the hemoglobin in Aterial Blood

53
Q

What are normal values of oxygen saturation (Sao2) in the blood?

A

Between 95%-100%

54
Q

What SAo2 value is life threatening?

A

Levels less than 70%

55
Q

What does Oxygen easily binds to and is transported in throughout the body?

A

Hemoglobin of the blood,O2 is also transported throughout body by hemoglobin

56
Q

What can a Pulse oximeter detect before symptoms such as cyanosis develop?

A

It can detect hypoxia before signs and symptoms such as cyanosis develop

57
Q

Which blood cell is hemoglobin a main component of?

A

Red Blood Cell

58
Q

How is oxygen delivered to patients?

A

Method used depends on patients needs

59
Q

What are the 2 types of o2 devices?

A
  1. Low flow device 2. High flow device
60
Q

What are high flow devices also called?

A

Fixed performance device

61
Q

What are low-flow devices also called?

A

Variable Performance Device

62
Q

What do high flow devices provide to the patient?

A

Provides patient with their entire inspiratory volume

63
Q

What does Low flow o2 provides to the patients ?

A

Provides only part of of the inspiratory concentration and delivered 02 is in part diluted with room air

64
Q

What type of O2 device can be used when a patient has Chronic COPD?

A

LOW FLOW O2 DEVICE

65
Q

What type of O2 device is the Nasal Cannula?

A

IT IS A LOW FLOW DEVICE

66
Q

What is O2 Nasal Cannula

A

It is a simple comfortable device for the delivery of O2 to the patient, two cannula tips are inserted in nostrils (nares)

67
Q

How long can O2 cannulas be used? And an advantage of it?

A

They can be used short term or long term also allows patients to talk, eat and drink without removing device

68
Q

What is the usual flow rate of Nasal cannula?

A

1 to 4 LPM at approx. 24-36%

69
Q

Why are flow rates higher than 6 LPM not used with nasal cannulas?

A

It will cause severe drying of nasal mucosa and sinus pain

70
Q

What are the 5 other types of Oxygen mask

A
  1. SIMPLE OXYGEN MASK
  2. PARTIAL REBREATHER MASK
  3. NON- REBREATHER MASK
  4. AEROSOL MASK
  5. AIR ENTRAINMENT MASK
71
Q

What are Simple oxygen mask?

A

A mask that is shaped to fit snugly over the patients mouth and nose and is secured by a strap, they can be used for short periods of time but become uncomfortable because they are hot, also hard for patient to eat drink and talk

72
Q

How long should simple oxygen mask be used?

A

NOT USED FOR A LONG PERIOD OF TIME

73
Q

What are the standard flow rates?

A

Greater than 5 LPM and delivers at 35-60% oxygen

74
Q

What are non-breather masks?

A

It is a mask that has a reservoir bag attached to a one way valve that Prevents exhaled air to from being rebreathed

75
Q

Which mask provides the highest concentration of O2 and the most precise means of O2 administration?

A

NON-REBREATHER MASK

76
Q

What is the Partial- rebreather mask?

A

Is Similar to the non-breather and contains a reservoir bag but DOES NOT contain a ONE-WAY VALVE

77
Q

What is an Aerosol mask?

A

Are used when high concentrations of O2 and humidity are needed.

78
Q

How does the aerosol mask work?

A

The mask is attached to a bottle of distilled water to both high concentrations of humidity.

79
Q

What is the standard flow rates for aerosol mask?

A

Requires flow rates greater than 6LPM and 02 concentrations between 21% and 100%

80
Q

What are Air entrainment masks?

A

This mask provides an accurate source of maintaining O2 consumption, O2 values may be set to 24%, 28% 35% 40%, or 50%

81
Q

What is an Oxygen tent?

A

Is used when a need for humidity and a higher concentration of O2 than room air

82
Q

Who uses Oxygen tents?

A

Used for Pediatric patients and it covers their beds

83
Q

Who are Oxygen hoods used on only? how much % of 02 concentration?

A

They are used on infants only and covers the infants head, O2 concentration 21% and 100%

84
Q

What is a Ventilator- A type of Artificial Airway and it is Mechanical device

A

It is an artificial airway that is inserted into the trachea and connected to a mechanical device (Ventilator) that delivers a preset volume of Oxygen therapy at a constant rate.

85
Q

VENTILATOR TERMS

A

Mechanical device/ Mechanical ventilators/ Artificial airway- respirators

86
Q

Another name/termed for Mechanical Ventilators is?

A

Respirators

87
Q

What 2 things Mechanical Ventilators control?

A
  1. Repiratory Rate and 2. VOLUME
88
Q

What should radiographers never reset or adjust? Even if the alarm goes off during a radiographic procedure????

A

Alarms and Settings

89
Q

DO DELIVERY DEVICES HAMPER THE TECHNOLIGIST ABILITY TO PERFORM RAD PRCREDURES?

A

NO THEY DO NOT

90
Q

DOES REPOSITIONING OF THE DEVICES AVOID ARTIFACTS ON IMAGES?

A

YES

91
Q

INTUBATED CHEST TUBES (INTUBUATION)

A

A TUBE PLACED IN THE TRACHEA OF THE PATIENT TO MAINTAIN THE AIRWAY

92
Q

ET TUBE (ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE)

A

This is used or inserted into the nose or the mouth into the trachea to maintain the open airway.
terminated 1-2 inches superior t =o bifurcation of trachea
also seen with a chest x ray

93
Q

Tracheostomy

A

A small incision of the trachea made right below the larynx. The tube is extended down in trachea for long store support

94
Q

THORACOSTOMY also known as intra pleural or chest tubes

A

Chest tube drains fluid from pleural space

95
Q

Thorascostomy

A

Chest tubes are inserted into the pleural space to reduce negative pressure and collect fluid or blood.

96
Q

If pressure falls too low

A

The lungs will collapse

97
Q

Chest tubes made up of

A
  1. Rubberized tube, 2. sutured in place, a drainage system
98
Q

Used to drain

A

Intra pleural space or mediastinum

99
Q

if fluid such as blood or air gets into the pleural space

A

THE LUNG WILL COLLAPSE

100
Q

CHEST TUBES ARE USED TO TREAT

A

PNEUMOTHORAX, HEMOTHORAX, PLEURAL EFFUSION, EMPYEMA

101
Q

Pneumothorax

A

A collection of air in the pleural space

102
Q

Hemothorax

A

A collection of blood in the pleural space

103
Q

Pleural effusion

A

Fluid found in chest, pleural fluid found in chest, This is an abnormal collection of fluid

104
Q

SOME PROBLEMS OF PLEURAL SPACE

A

AIR- AIR-PNEUMOTHORAX, BLOOD-HEMOTHROAX, FLUID PLEUAL EFFUSIAN, ABCESS OR PUS EMPYSEMA

105
Q

EMPYEMA

A

LUNG ABCESS OR PUS IN PLEURAL SPACE

106
Q

Thoracentisis

A

Its a surgical puncture of the chest for the removal of air or fluids

107
Q

Parentral

A

Introducing/ medication put into the body by a route othr than the digestive system- maybe injection

108
Q

ATELECTASIS

A

COLLAPSED LUNG, INCOMPLETE EXPANSION OF THE LUNG OR PART OF LUNG

RAD 1127 (14 decks)

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