Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phar 503 > Nutritional Elements and Requirements > Flashcards

Nutritional Elements and Requirements Flashcards

1
Q

What are the macronutrients

A

water, amino acids, fats, carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which of the macronutrients fulfill protein requirements

A

amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which of the macronutrients fullfill energy requirements

A

amino acids, fats, carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the micronutrients

A

vitamins, electrolytes, trace elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are individuals factors that must be considered

A

gender, age, height/weight, activity and injury factors, under or overnutrition, critically ill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the volume status for water requirements

A

dehydration-45ml/kg/day, post operative-40ml/kg/day, euvolemic-35ml/kg/day, elderly or CHF-30ml/kg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How much energy does amino acids contribute

A

4 kcal/gram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How much energy does a 10%, 20% fat emulsifer contribute

A

1.1 kcal/ml, 2 kcal/ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How much energy does carbohydrates contribute

A

3.4 kcal/gram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Put the macronutrients in order from highest energy contributer to lowest

A

amino acids, carbohdrates (grams)/ 20%, 10% (ml)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the gold standard for estimating energy needs available

A

Indirect calorimetry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the calorie needs of healthy, normal people (not in the hospital)

A

20-25 kcal/kg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the calorie needs of patients who are ill, metabolic stress, not obese (BMI < 30)

A

25-30 kcal/kg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the calorie needs of patients who are ill, metabolic stress, obese (BMI >/= 30)

A

11 to 14 kcal/kg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the calorie needs of patients with major burn injury

A

greater than 30 kcal/kg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the order for patients who have calorie needs from lowest to highest

A

obese/ill patients, healthy/non-ill patients, low to overweight BMI/ill, major burn victims

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T/F: When calculating energy requirements ideal body weight should be used in non obese patients

A

False: Weight used for calculation should be actual body in non obese patients

18
Q

During periods of inadequate protein or energy what is broken down first for amino acids, how much

A

skeletal muscle, up to 75 grams

19
Q

When a patient has normal renal and hepatic function what is the protein requirement for a mild protein depletion ( serum albumin greater than 3.0 g/dl)

A

1.1-1.3 g/kg/day

20
Q

When a patient has normal renal and hepatic function what is the protein requirement for a moderate protein depletion ( serum albumin 2.5-2.9 g/dl)

A

1.3-1.5 g/kg/day

21
Q

When a patient has normal renal and hepatic function what is the protein requirement for a severe protein depletion (serum albumin less than 2.5 g/dl)

A

1.5-2 g/kg/day

22
Q

T/F: When finding the protein requirement for a patient with normal renal and hepatic function the actual body should be used unless obese. If obese the ideal body weight should be used

A

True

23
Q

For amino acid solutions what is the max that can be in a central line, peripheral line

A

10%, 2.5%-3%

24
Q

What are the two essential fatty acids

A

linoleic and linolenic

25
Q

What is the minimum amount of fat that should be given, maximum, starting point

A

5%, 60% 30%

26
Q

For the intralipid fat emulsion how much fat does 10% contribute, 20%, 30%

A

1.1 kcal/ml, 2kcal/ml, 3kcal/ml

27
Q

For the SMOflipid 20% fat emulsion how much fat is contributed

A

2 kcal/ml

28
Q

How long should fat emulsion run for

A

12-24 hours

29
Q

What are the contraindications for the fat infusions

A

elevated triglycerides (over 300 mg/dl), egg allergy, pancreatitis due to hypertriglyceridemia

30
Q

What is the parenteral source for carbohydrates

A

Dextrose

31
Q

What is the maximum concentration for dextrose infusion central, peripheral

A

35%, 10% to 12.5%

32
Q

What is the maxium infusion rate for adults

A

3-5 mg/kg/min

33
Q

What factors affects how much micronutrients are given

A

hepatic function, renal function, fluid status, cardiac status, prior nutritional status

34
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins

A

A,D,E,K

35
Q

What patients get extra vitamins

A

Alcoholics, wound healing

36
Q

What are the trace element products, what is the difference

A

MTE-4 and MTE-5, MTE-5 has Selenium

37
Q

Which trace elements are eliminated biliary

A

coppper, manganese

38
Q

How is selenium excreted

A

kidneys

39
Q

When there is a disease that affects trace element elimination how is the dose adjusted

A

1 ml is still given but instead every other day

40
Q

What is the standard product for vitamins

A

MVI 12

Phar 503 (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions