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Phar 503 > Fluid disorders > Flashcards

Fluid disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is the total body water for males, females, pediatrics, elderly males and elderly females

A

60%, 50%, 60%-70%, 50% and 45%

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2
Q

How is the total body water found in obese individuals

A

Decrease by 5% if they are 130% over ideal body weight

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3
Q

How is total body water spread out

A

1/3 extracellular fluid, 2/3 intracellular fluid

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4
Q

how is extracellular fluid spread out

A

3/4 interstitial fluid, 1/4 intravascular fluid

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5
Q

What is the extracellular cation

A

Na+

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6
Q

What is the intracelluar cation

A

K+

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7
Q

What is the plasma osmolality range

A

280-295

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8
Q

What does it mean if plasma osmolarity is high, low plasma osmolarity

A

high solute/low solvent (lack of water), low solute/high solvent (excess of water)

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9
Q

T/F: Osmolality is calculated, osmolarity is measured

A

False: osmolarity is calculated, osmolality is measured

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10
Q

what is the equation to calculate osmolarity

A

mOsm/LH2O= 2 x {Na+} + glucose/18 + BUN/2.8

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11
Q

T/F: Na+/K+ pumps maintain concentrations

A

True

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12
Q

T/F: Water freely moves along gradient between membranes

A

True

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13
Q

Stimulants that cause the release of Arginine Vasopressin

A

high plasma osmolarity, nausea, pain/anxiety

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14
Q

Medications that stimulate relase of Arginine Vasopressin

A

carbamazepine, tricylic antidepressants,SSRIs,opiates

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15
Q

Symptoms of hypovolemia

A

weakness, lethargy tachycardia, thirst, low urine output, dry clammy skin/low skin turgor, flushed skin

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16
Q

Symptoms of hypervolemia

A

anxiety, hypertension, wheezing, diarrhea, pitting edema, crackles

17
Q

T/F: Diabetes insipidus causes hypervolemia

A

False: AVP is not released correctly causing loss of water therefore hypovolemia

18
Q

What are the two types of Diabetes Insipidus

A

Central: brain, Nephrogenic: kidney

19
Q

What are the 3 goals of volume therapy

A

Resuscitation, Replacement, Maintenance

20
Q

Characteristics of crystalloids

A

can replace water and electrolyes, readily available, better tolerated, first line

21
Q

Characteristics of colloids

A

for intravascular expansion, less readily available, risky

22
Q

T/F: Hypertonic solutions move extracellular to intracellular

A

False: Move intracellular space to extracellular space

23
Q

T/F: Hypotonic solutions move extracelluar to intracellular

A

True

24
Q

What is an example of isotonic fluid replacement

A

0.9% NaCl, Lactated Ringers

25
Q

What is an example of a hypertonic fluid replacement

A

3% NaCl

26
Q

What is an example of hypotonic fluid replacement

A

0.2% NaCl

27
Q

What are the four crystalloids commonly used in fluid replacement

A

0.45% NaCl, 0.9%NaCl, Lactated Ringers (LR), Dextrose 5% Water (D5W)

28
Q

What is the order for crystalloids when it comes to Na+

A

0.9%NaCl, LRs, 0.45%NaCl, D5W (no Na+ at all)

29
Q

What is the order for crystalloids when it comes to highest osmolarity to lowest osmolarity

A

0.9%NaCl, Lactated Ringers, D5W, 0.45%NaCl

30
Q

What is the order for crystalloids when it comes to movement into the intracellular fluid

A

D5W, 0.45%NaCl. 0.9%NaCl and Lactated Ringers do not go into the intracellular fluid

31
Q

What is the order for crystalloids when it comes to movement into the interstitial fluid

A

0.9%NaCl/Lactated Ringers at the same percentage, 0.45%NaCl, D5W

32
Q

What is the order for crystalloids when it comes to movement into the intravascular fluid

A

0.9%NaCl/Lactated Ringers at the same percentage, 0.45%NaCl, D5W

33
Q

Which crystalloid distributes itself in the exact same way water/fluid distributes itself in the body

A

D5W

34
Q

T/F: 0.9%NaCl and Lactated Ringers strictly go in to extracellular fluid and move in the exact same way interstitial fluid and intravascular fluid divide

A

True

35
Q

In order to raise blood pressure which crystalloids will raise blood pressure in a hypovolemic patient

A

.09%NaCl and Lactated Ringers

36
Q

What are the two colloids used for fluid replacement

A

5% albumin and 25% albumin

37
Q

T/F: Colloids stay mostly intracellular, pulling water to the cells

A

False: Colloids stay in extracellular and 25% albumin will actually pull water from the interstitial fluid

38
Q

What are the daily fluid requirements (maintenance) in dehydration, post-operative, euvolemia, elderly or CHF

A

45 ml/kg/day, 40ml/kg/day, 35ml/kg/day, 30ml/kg/day

Phar 503 (25 decks)

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