Anemia Nutrition Flashcards
What is anemia
Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of blood
What are standard values for male and female hemoglobin and hematocrit
13 g/dl (males) and 12 g/dl (females), 41% (males) and 36% (females)
What does microcytic mean, normocytic, macrocytic
iron deficency, blood loss or chronic disease, vitamin B12 and Folic acid deficiency
What is nutritional anemia
inadequate intake or malabsoprtion of one or more essential nutrients
What patients are high risk for iron deficiency anemia
children less than two years old, menstruating females, pregnant and lactating females, elderly over 65 years old
How is iron absorbed
ionized in the stomach to Fe2+ then absorbed in the duodenum and jejunum where it converted to Fe3+
T/F: As physiologic iron levels decrease, GI absorption of iron increases
True
What is the best way to test for iron deficiency anemia
serum ferritin
What is the intake goals of elemental iron for adult males, menstruating females, children, and pregnant females
8mg, 18mg, 7-10mg, 27mg
What food has heme iron
meat, fish, poultry
What food has non-heme iron
vegetables, fruit, dried beans, nuts, grains
T/F: Heme iron is the most absorbable and vitamin C aids in absorption
True
What food decreases iron absorption
tannin (tea)
How should elemental iron be taken
one hour before meals, two hours before calcium
What are ADRs for oral supplementation of iron
dark discoloration of feces, constipation, diarrhea
Elemental iron causes decreased absorption of what medication
h2 blockers, PPIs, Antacids, Tetracyclines
How is IV iron estimated
based on body weight and desired hemoglobin
What IV formulation is most preferred for use, what is a risk of using it
Iron dextran, anaphylaxis
What is a recommended treatment of daily elemental iron
200mg
What are ailments that can cause vitamin B12 deficiency
H. pylori, gastric acid suppression
How long does it take to see a vitamin B12 deficiency
years
T/F: Neurological symptoms of Vitamin B12 defincy cannot be fixed with supplementation
True
What is the best way to find a vitamin B12 deficiency
Elevated methylmalonic acid
What are the goals of vitamin B12 deficiency
reverse hemtologic manifestations, replace body stores, prevent neurological manifestations
