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Phar 503 > CKD > Flashcards

CKD Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: Loss of Kidneys are more likely to cause acidity

A

True

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2
Q

What enzymes are created by the kidney

A

Renin, erythropoietin, calcitriol

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3
Q

What is the main determinant on what gets through a glomerular filtration barrier, what part of the glomerulus maintains integrity and selectivity

A

molecular size, podocyte

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4
Q

T/F: The GFR is the product of the average filtration rate of single nephron multiplied by the number of nephrons in both kidneys

A

True

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5
Q

What is GFR dependent on

A

body size, age, and physiologic state

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6
Q

What can cause a decline GFR

A

decline in number of functioning nephrons or due to a single nephron

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7
Q

What is normal GFR for females,males

A

120ml/min/1.73m2, 130ml/min/1.73m2

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8
Q

T/F: CrCl is equal to the GFR

A

False: CrCl overestimates GFR by 15-20%

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9
Q

What factors affect serum creatinine

A

Age, gender, race, diet, body weight, medications

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10
Q

What equation is the most widely used equation but least accurate, state it

A

(140-age)ABW/(Scr X 72)

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11
Q

What is an automatic diagnosis of CKD

A

GFR less than 60ml/min/1.73m2 for more than 3 months

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12
Q

What are the three ways CKD can be defined

A

Cause, GFR category, Albuminuria

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13
Q

What is the prevalent stage of CKD

A

Stage 3

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14
Q

What is the number 1 reason to get CKD, number 2 reason

A

Diabetes, Hypertension

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15
Q

T/F: Overusing NSAIDs can cause CKD

A

True

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16
Q

What are less frequent causes of CKD

A

primary and secondary glomerular disease, hereditary disease, HIV, Transplantation

17
Q

T/F: Damage to the Glomerulus causes smaller aterioles leading to less filtration allowing larger molecules to flow through

A

False: Damage to Glomerulus allows causes large arterioles leading to more filitraion allowing larger molecules to flow through

18
Q

How does diabetes cause CKD hemodynamically

A

RAAS activation, increased vasoconstrion of efferent arteriole, increased glomerular hyperfiltration

19
Q

How does glomerular hyperfiltration contribute to CKD

A

podocytes are destroyed leading to albuminuria

20
Q

What constitutes as microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria

A

30-300 mg/day, greater than 300 mg/day

21
Q

When assessing the protein/creatinine (P/C) ratio what ratio indicates damage

A

If the total P/C ratio is greater than 200mg/g

22
Q

T/F: ACE-1 and/or ARBs vasodilate the afferent arteriole to relieve glomerular HTN

A

False:ACE-1 and ARBs vasodilate the efferent arteriole to relieve glomerular HTN

23
Q

T/F: Even if a patient is normotensive they can recieve ACE-1 or ARBs because they are renoprotective

A

True

24
Q

What is an important counseling point if someone has proteinuria and is taking an ARB or ACE-1

A

Reduce Na intake

25
Q

How does hypertension lead to CKD

A

breakdown of elastic fibers in arterial circulation leading to an increase of pressure in the glomerulus and decreased glomerular bloodflow leading to glomerular HTN and hyperfiltration

26
Q

What are signs of CKD

A

Edema, Anemia. less urine, electrolytes in dissary

27
Q

What are the four signs of uremia

A

Diminished excretion of electrolytes and water, decreased excretion of organic solutes, decreased synthesis or renal hormones, maladaptive changes due to compensation

28
Q

What GFR is considered renal failure, what happens to Scr and BUN

A

GFR is 10-15 ml/min/1.73m2, both increase

29
Q

T/F: A diagnosis of CKD can made with high GFR

A

True

30
Q

What are the factors that affect the prognosis

A

cause of kidney disease, time of diagnosis, degree of albuminuria, presence of other comorbid conditions

31
Q

What are conditions when someone should see their nephrologist

A

GFR less than 30, albuminuria

32
Q

T/F: Cardiovascular complications are top reason for increased risk of death in dialysis patients

A

True

Phar 503 (25 decks)

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