Nutritional Disease

Question 1

cause of enlarged abdomen in kwashiorkor

Answer 1

lack of protein from diet = cannot make lipoproteins = lipids cannot leave liver

+ edema due to dec oncotic pressure

Question 2

starvation with deprivation of all nutrients in proportion

Answer 2

marasmus

Question 3

effect of lepitn; where is it made

Answer 3

stimulates POMC/CART which inhibits NPY/AgRP –> REDUCED FOOD INTAKE

from FAT CELLS (obese people are leptin resistant bc they have a lot of fat = they have a lot of leptin = they do not have reduced food intake)

Question 4

responsible for feeling famished; where is it made

Answer 4

Ghrelin from stomach

**my tummy Growls

Question 5

saiety signal produced post-prandially; where is it made

Answer 5

peptide YY from endocrine cells in the ileum and colon

Question 6

cause of hyperCa++ in sarcoid

Answer 6

activated macrophages in granuloms have enzyme that makes active vit D –> hyperCa

Question 7

manifestation of hypervitD

Answer 7

metastatic calcification (in soft tissue and bone) (inc vitD –> inc Ca)

Question 8

BMI that = obese in white ppl vs asians

Answer 8

white = > 30
asian = >25

Question 9

abdominal obesity is a risk factor for

Answer 9

heart dz, DM, HTN, dyslipidemia

Question 10

defn of metabolic syndrome`

Answer 10

having at least TWO of the following: obesity, HTN, DM/insulin resistance, dyslipidemia

Question 11

insulin resistance lads to accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes bc there is…

Answer 11

1. impaired oxidation of fatty acids
2. increased synthesis and uptake of fatty acids
3. decreased hepatic secretion of VLDL

Question 12

high cholesterol can also lead to ….

Answer 12

gallstone formation!! occurs when cholesterol concentration exceeds the solubilizing capacity of bile (supersaturation)

Question 13

estrogen (made by fat) contributes to gallstone formation by

Answer 13

???? slide 26

Question 14

anti-inflammatory cytokine produced exclusively by

adipocytes

Answer 14

adiponectin

Question 15

effect of adiponectin on insulin

Answer 15

increases sensitive to insulin

Question 16

5 possible mechanisms that explain inc cancer risk in obese peopel

Answer 16

1. fat makes estrogen –> breast and endometrial CA
2. inc IGF-1 (insulin like GROWTH FACTOR)
3. Leptin (promotes cell proliferation)
4. activate mTOR
5. inflammation (chronic/low level)