Anti-Malarials Flashcards
drug that targets liver schizonticide
Primaquine
drug that targets falciparum blood schizonticide
pyrimathamine proguanil sulfadoxine Atovaquone-proguanil Artesunate, Artemether
Slow acting blood schizonticide + prevents sporogeny in mosquito
proguanuil
ntracellular heme accumulation; toxic
MOA Chloeoquine
DNA complexer; prevents strand separation
Quinine
free radical generator in plasmodium
Primaquine
Artesunate, Artemther
DHFR inhibitors (p’s)
Dihydropteroate synthase inhibitor
Combination sequentially blocks folic acid synthesis
Primaquine
Free radical generators in Plasmodium
Antifolates pyrimethamine, proguanil, sulfadoxine
Inhibits mitochondrial electron transport chain
Atovaquone-Proguanil
Mech of Resistance to Chloroquine
Decreased intracellular and/or decreased intravacuolar drug accumulation
requires a loading dose to achieve effective plasma concentration
Chloroquine
would most likely produce hemoly6c anemia in an AAM
primaqiune
effective treatment for chemoprophylaxis of falciparum malaria
Atovaquone-proguanil
High volume of distribution-long persistence
Chloroquine
headache, vertgo, blurred vision and 6nnitus
cinchonism
due to quinine (long term)
most appropriate treatment of uncomplicated chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum
Atovaquone-proguanil Artemether-lumefantrine Quinine + doxycycline or tetracycline or clindamycin Melfoquine
relatively CI in person with G6PD def
primaquine
**G6PD protects red blood cells from the effects of reactive oxygen species. The antimalarial causes a build up of ROS that is toxic.
most appropriate treatment of uncomplicated chloroquine-resistant P. vivax and ovale
primaquine
Dark urine, anorexia, pallor, unusual tiredness or weakness, or fever; and back, leg, or abdominal pain
= hemolytic anemia due to primaquine
would result in visual impairment with possible ototoxicity = requires regular eye exams
Chloroquine
DOC for P. malariae
Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine
DOC for P. vivax or P. ovale
Chloroquine or HC + Primaquine
prolonged QT interval
Chloroquine
Lumefantrine
binds melanin
Chloroquine
anaphylactoid shock; photophobia, or sensitivity to light; and mental conditions like dullness and confusion.
cinchonism
due to quinine (long term)
DOC to treat malaria in pregnancy
- Choroquine or hydroxychloroquine
2. Quinine + Clindamycin or Mefloquine
List the drugs of choice for treatment of uncomplicated illness and severe illness due to P. falciparum
Quinidine + one of the following:
Doxycycline
Tetracycline
Clindamycin
kills gametocytes of P. Falciparum —> cure relapsing malaria
primaquine
↑delivery w/fatty meal
Atovaquone/proguanil
DHFR combined with sulfadoxine —> effective for Falciparum NOT vivax
primethamine
cardio-depressive/smooth muscle relaxant + uterine contraction
quinine
if given IV will cause a hypotensive crisis
primaquine
nightmares
Mefloquine
megaloblastic anemia
primethamine
CI: β Blockers + history of seizures
Mefloquine
rash (when combined with sulfas; avoid w/SJS history)
primathamine
