Infectious Disease

Question 1

pink foamy exudate in alveoli

Answer 1

pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

Question 2

BAL = legally drunk

Answer 2

80 mg/dl

Question 3

BAL cuases drowsiness? stupor?

Answer 3

drowsiness = 200 and stupor = 300

Question 4

microscopic pathology seen with influenza infection

Answer 4

lymphoctes + necrosis + squamous metaplasia + alveolar edema + hyaline membranes +/- fibrinopurulen alveolar discharge (if superimposed bacterial infection)

Question 5

why does flu make people susceptible to pneumonia?

Answer 5

flu kills respiratory epithelium with KO the mucociliary escalator

Question 6

grocott stain + coin lesions

Answer 6

histo

Question 7

simultaneous nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions

Answer 7

CMV

Question 8

presentations/diseases that CMV can cause in a person wtih AIDS

Answer 8

enteritis, retinitis, disseminated disease

Question 9

MC clinical manifestation of CMV in immunocompetent hosts

Answer 9

~ mono w/ abnormal LFTs and hepatomegaly and LAD

Question 10

3 distinc forms of aspergillosis

Answer 10

1. colonizing = ball that fills cavity
2. allergic = bronchopulmonary + eosinophillia
3. invasive = immunocompromised starts in lungs and invades vessels –> hemorrhage, infarct or go to brain

Question 11

fruiting body seen in aspergillus

Answer 11

conidiophore

Question 12

MC pathogenic parasite in humans

Answer 12

giardia

Question 13

is giardia invasive

Answer 13

no

Question 14

characteristic shape of giardia

Answer 14

pear shaped

Question 15

diff diagnosis for anemia in a mexican immigrant

Answer 15

anemia of chronic disease, Fe def, folate or B12 def, malaria, myelodysplastic syndrome, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia

Question 16

diff diagnosis of peripheral nodular lung infiltrates

Answer 16

TB, histo, sarcoid, S. aureus, Pneumococcus, granulomatosis with polyangitis, mets

Question 17

MC helminth infection in the world

Answer 17

ascariasis

Question 18

where do ascariasis typically live

Answer 18

small intestine

Question 19

life cycle of ascariasis

Answer 19

eggs develop into larvae in soil. human eat soil. larvae penetrate intestine, enter portal system and go to liver, heart, and lungs. develop some in lungs, ride mucocilialry ladder up to pharynx, and then enter esophagus to get to intestine where they mature into adult worms

Question 20

loeffler’s syndrome = ? and is assc with

Answer 20

eosinophillia + cough + transient pulm infiltrates + intestinal obstruction + biliary obstruction + liver abcess + pacreatitis + appendicitis = ascarasis

Question 21

what is necessary for eosinophillia to develop in a pt with ascariasis

Answer 21

larval migration/penetration thru intestine

Question 22

Dx of ascariasis

Answer 22

eggs in stool

Question 23

treatment of ascariasis

Answer 23

albendazole or mebendazole

Question 24

2nd MC parasitic worm in worth

Answer 24

Trichuriasis (whipworm)

Question 25

where to trichuris live

Answer 25

colon (mature in small intestine and then come to adulthood in cecum)

Question 26

describe trichuirs life cycle

Answer 26

eggs develop into larvae in soil. we eat soil. larvae dig into small intestine and develop some. adolescent worm moves with the flow of shit into the cecum where they mature into worms