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pathology > Nutritional Deficiency Diseases > Flashcards

Nutritional Deficiency Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Organic substances essential for normal growth and activity of the body. Help enzymes to regulate metabolism (coenzymes).

A

Vitamins

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2
Q

Disease due to lack of dietary or metabolic substance (hypovitaminosis or avitaminosis).

A

Deficiencies

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3
Q

A poisonous substance of plant, animal, bacterial, or fungal origin.

A

Toxin

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4
Q

Due to hypervitaminosis and is rare; usually occurs in association with food or dietary supplement faddism.

A

Toxicity

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5
Q

Based upon exaggerated belief in beneficial effects of food or nutrition on health and disease.

A

Faddism

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6
Q

A, D, E, K

stored in body fat > more difficult to deplete by dietary deficiency and may cause toxicity (hypervitaminosis).

A

Fat soluble vitamins

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7
Q

B complex and C

A

Water soluble vitamins

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8
Q

Obtained from carotene from foods and is manufactured in the liver.

A

Vitamin A

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9
Q

Results in dry, flat epithelial cells that become hard leading to keratinization of conjunctiva (dry eye) and drying of mucous membranes of the respiratory, digestive (tooth defects), urinary, reproductive tracts > create risk of infection.

-night blindness, dry skin

A

Vitamin A deficiency

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10
Q

Obtained from grains and rice, important for normal functions of the nervous and muscular systems.

A

Vitamin B complex

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11
Q

A type of neuritis that is rare and occurs in chronic alcoholics. Due to Thiamine (B1) deficiency.

A

Beriberi

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12
Q

A result of beriberi, disturbances in sensation and motion.

A

Peripheral neuropathy

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13
Q

A result of beriberi, edema (wet form) and paralysis (dry form) and enlarged right side of the heart.

A

Cardiac failure

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14
Q

A result of beriberi, muscle atrophy, CNS degeneration.

A

CNS symptoms

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15
Q

Results in abnormal heart rate, damage to blood vessels. Predisposed by excessive use of alcohol.

A

Niacin (B3) deficiency

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16
Q

Dietary lack of B3 and tryptophan (essential amino acids).

A

Pellagra

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17
Q

The 4 Ds:

Diarrhea
Dermatitis
Dementia
Death

A

Symptoms of Pellagra

18
Q

Excess salvation, ulcerated intestine > loss of appetite > atrophy of organs and tissues > emaciation (anorexia, wasting).

A

Diarrhea

19
Q

Skin eruptions (sores), brown scaly skin, tongue and mouth are red and raw.

A

Dermatitis

20
Q

Nervous and mental changes, depression, insanity.

A

Dementia

21
Q

Important for energy metabolism. Deficiency results in cheilosis.

A

Riboflavin (B2)

22
Q

Sore, cracked and bleeding lips.

A

Cheilosis

23
Q

Important for cell division and CNS development.

Deficiency may result in anemia and increased risk of birth defects such as spina bifida.

A

Folic Acid (B9)

24
Q

Required for correct collagen synthesis obtained from some grains, citrus fruits, lean meats and tomatoes.

A

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

25
Q 
Decreased formation of collagen 
decreased absorption of iron
increased infections (especially viral)
may prevent progression of Alzheimer's disease by decreasing oxygen-free radicals that accelerate cell death
scurvy
A

Vitamin C deficiency

26
Q

results in weakness, anemia, swollen and bleeding gums, foul breath, loose teeth, hemorrhage in nose and kidneys, susceptibility to infections, swollen legs

A

Scurvy (scorbutic)

27
Q

Condition in young children that causes poor appetite and poor growth and is reversible.

A

Infantile scurvy (Barlow’s disease)

28
Q

Important in absorption of calcium from intestines, obtained from fish, butter, yeast, egg yolk, made in the body from cholecalciferol, converted in presence of U.V. light in skin.

A

Vitamin D

29
Q

Results in rickets (rachitis) in children due to decrease in absorption of calcium from intestines.

  • infants 6-18 months of age
  • in high risk groups (urban, African- American)
A

Vitamin D deficiency

30
Q

Deformities of long bones, skull, spine; bones are soft and unable to bear weight (bow legs), ankles and wrists thicken, thin skull with slow closure of fontanels, enlarged junction between ribs and sternum (pigeon chest), defective teeth, body soreness, night restlessness, fevers, night sweats, infections.

A

Rickets

31
Q

Increased blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia) causing arteriosclerosis, risk of kidney stones, decalcification of bones.

A

Vitamin D hypervitaminosis

32
Q

Prevents oxidation of cell membranes and DNA

A

Antioxidant

33
Q

Antioxidant, in wheat, cotton seeds, rice, grain, liver, lettuce.

Deficiency- hemolysis of RBC

A

Vitamin E

34
Q

Important for blood clotting, obtained from green leafy vegetables, liver.

Deficiency- bleeding due to decreased level of coagulation factors (prothrombin) > coagulation defects.

A

Vitamin K

35
Q

Enzymatic catalysts, transport molecules (hemoglobin transports oxygen), storage molecules, used in movement of muscles, mechanical support (collagen of skin and bone), antibodies (immune protection), cell growth and differentiation (hormones).

A

Proteins

36
Q

Occurs from starvation and low protein diet, results in gross loss of weight and atrophy of tissues, edema, reduction of lymphoid tissue > suppression of immunity, mental changes.

A

Protein deficiency

37
Q

Depravation of calories and proteins, muscle waste and aged wrinkled appearance. Does not affect viscera.

A

Marasmus

38
Q

Very low protein, some calories.
Liver and viscera affected > low food absorption, hair (keratin) loses color, becomes sandy and reddish, skin (keratin) white from depigmentation, with lesions present.

A

Kwashiorkor

39
Q

Results in soft bones and teeth, irregular heartbeat, poor coagulation of blood.

A

Calcium deficiency

40
Q

Results in anemia, pale appearance, decreased enzyme activity, changes to fingernails and toes.

A

Iron deficiency

41
Q

From dehydration disorders (diarrhea, high fevers, vomiting) or steroid use (kidney problems, paralysis).

A

Potassium deficiency

42
Q

Can result in enlarged thyroid gland (goiter).

A

Iodine deficiency

pathology (23 decks)

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