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pathology > Inflammation > Flashcards

Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

A tissue reaction to irritation, infection, or injury marked by localized heat, swelling, redness, pain and sometimes loss of function.

-only occurs on vascularized tissue

A

Inflammation

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2
Q

Inflammation of connective tissues

A

Phlegmon

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3
Q
  • Protective defense mechanism
  • Isolates and destroys the invader
  • Cleans up the debris to promote healing
  • DOES NOT include REPAIR
A

Functions of Inflammation

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4
Q
  • Swelling
  • Heat
  • Redness
  • Pain
  • Altered function
A

Cardinal signs and symptoms of Inflammation

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5
Q

Swelling

A

Tumor

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6
Q

Heat

A

Calor

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7
Q

Redness

A

Rubor

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8
Q

Pain

A

Dolor

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9
Q

Altered function

A

Functio laesa

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10
Q
  • Physical irritants (trauma, burns, radiation)
  • Chemical irritants (irritating gases)
  • Infectious agents (viruses, bacteria)
  • Immunological reactions (autoimmune disease)
    e. g. rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, erythematosus
A

Causes of Inflammation

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11
Q

Increased permeability of vessels

A

Cause of swelling (tumor)

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12
Q

Vasodilation

A

Cause of heat, cause of redness (calor, rubor)

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13
Q

Nervous stimulation and swelling

A

Cause of pain (dolor)

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14
Q

Swelling and pain

A

Cause of altered function (functio laesa)

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15
Q

Each type of inflammation begins as this, lasts a few minute to a few days, regenerates tissues and restores their functions, scars may form, may progress to chronic.

A

Acute inflammation

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16
Q
  • Can last from days to years.
  • Active inflammation, tissue destruction, and the presents of an inflammatory exudate containing lymphocytes and macrophages.
A

Chronic inflammation

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17
Q

This triggers tissue mast cells (WBC) release > release histamine > Vasodilation > hyperemia > formation of inflammatory exudate> edema > neutrophils and macrophages move toward the site to destroy debris and bacteria.

A

Tissue injury

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18
Q

Increased diameter of blood vessel capillaries.

A

Vasodilation

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19
Q

Increased blood flow to an area. active is arterial blood, passive is venous blood. (This brings more WBCs to the area).

A

Hypperemia

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20
Q

Phagocytic white blood cells moving towards an area of inflammation in response to the release of chemical mediators by neutrophils, monocytes, and injured tissues.

A

Chemotaxis

21
Q

A process in which phagocytes engulf and destroy microorganisms, other foreign antigens, and cell debris.

A

Phagocytosis

22
Q

Escape from the blood vessel into the injured tissue by diapedesis to perform phagocytosis.

A

Neutrophils

23
Q

Squeezing through a capillary wall.

A

Diapedesis

24
Q

Production of discharge and pus.

A

Suppuration

25
Q

Thick opaque, usually yellowish white fluid formed by suppuration, composed of exudate containing leukocytes, tissue debris, and microorganisms.

A

Pus

26
Q

Specific pathologic structural or functional changes, or both brought about by disease or injury.

A

Lesion

27
Q

Localized, circumscribed accumulation of pus.

A

Abscess

28
Q

Open sore or lesion of skin (epidermis) or mucous membrane accompanied by sloughing of inflamed necrotic tissue.

A

Ulcer

29
Q

Blister-like elevation of skin containing serous fluid.

A

Vesicle

30
Q

Abscess or pyogenic (producing puss) infection of sweat glands or hair follicles.

A

Furuncle (boil)

31
Q

Several communicating boils of skin and subcutaneous tissues with production and discharge of pus and dead tissue.

A

Carbuncle

32
Q

A small elevation of skin containing pus.

A

Pustule

33
Q
  • Abscess
  • Ulcer
  • Vesicle
  • Furuncle
  • Carbuncle
  • Pustule
A

Inflammatory Lesions

34
Q

Thick liquid around infection site due to blood fluid that oozes through the tissues into a cavity or to the surface.
It is a mixture of proteins, leukocytes, and tissue debris; proportion of proteins and inflammatory cells vary.

A

Exudate

35
Q

Clear serum like fluid; primarily fluid, with small amount of proteins, implies lesser injury (damage).

e.g.- skin blisters, cold sores.

A

Serous

36
Q

Mostly inflammatory cells (neutrophils), tissue debris and pyogenic bacteria (pus).

A

Purulent

37
Q

Increased number of red blood cells (due to damaged leaking blood vessels), often infected, very serious condition.

A

Hemorrhagic

38
Q

Rich in fibrinogen; coagulates and forms fibrin; produces a sticky film on the surface of inflamed tissue; indicates larger injury.

e.g.- strep throat, bacterial pneumonia

A

Fibrinous

39
Q
  • Serous
  • Purulent
  • Hemorrhagic
  • Fibrinous
A

Inflammatory exudates

40
Q

Exudation of clear fluid with few cells.

A

Serous inflammation

41
Q

Fibrin-rich exudate.

A

Fibrinous inflammation

42
Q

Exudate rich in pus.

A

Purulent inflammation

43
Q

Loss of epithelium resulting in ulcerous lesion.

A

Ulcerative inflammation

44
Q

Ulceration and a pseudomembrane over the ulcer.

A

Pseudomembranous inflammation

45
Q

Specialized form of chronic inflammation characterized by the formation of granulomas (accumulation of chronic inflammatory cells).
e.g., tuberculosis

A

Granulomatous inflammation

46
Q

The termination of inflammatory response with the affected part returning to its normal healthy state.

A

Resolution

47
Q

The replacement of damaged cells with identical cells; leads to restoration of normal function.
e.g., skin cells replaced by epithelium, bone cells replaced by osteocytes.

  • if this isn’t possible, the tissue undergoes a process called repair.
A

Regeneration

48
Q

Physical or mechanical restoration of damaged or diseased tissue by growth of healthy new cells, not necessarily the same type, or by surgery; results in scar formation.

A

Repair

49
Q

A form of repaired tissue consisting of connective tissue, does not restore function (no blood vessels or nerve endings). May occur in any tissue.
e.g. - brain, heart

A

Scar (cicatrix)

pathology (23 decks)

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