15- Disease of Bones and Joints Flashcards
Inflammation of bone particularly of the bone marrow in the medullary cavity.
- Most common sites:
- Legs
- Hands
- Feet
- Pelvic bones
Osteomyelitis
- # 1 is Staphlyococcus (from a wound)
- Other skin or throat infection
- TB (Later stages)
- Late syphilis (ribs and sternum)
- Injury and stress on the bones (fracture)
Etiology of osteomyelitis
A disease of infants and young children caused by deficiency of vitamin D in defective bone growth.
- Vitamin D deficiency => bones with less calcium => less dense
- 6-18 months of age (legs, skull, pelvic, ribs)
Rickets/Rachitis
A disease marked by softening of the bones due to faulty calcification (decalcification) in adulthood.
- Similar to rickets in children
- Occurs in both males and females (multiple pregnancies)
Osteomalacia
Decreased mineralization due to lack of vitamin D.
Etiology of osteomalacia
- Pain, loss of height, bending
- Weakness to bones: legs, pelvic, spine
- Unable to bear weight, easy fractures
Symptoms of osteomalacia (similar to rickets)
A disease of bone marked by increased porosity from widening of the Haversian canals and softness from absorption of the calcareous material. Loss of bone density, more porous bones.
- More common in women because of predisposing factors:
- Family history (genetic factors)
- Decrease in estrogen, calcium and exercise
Osteoporosis
- Kyphosis
- Loss of height - “dowager’s hump”
- Easy fractures
Symptoms of osteoporosis
Abnormal development of the epiphyseal cartilage.
- Hereditary dwarfism
Achondroplasia
- Rare genetic disorder
- Short stature, disproportionately short arms and legs
- Large head and characteristic facial features
- 80% of these dwarfs have parents of average height.
Hereditary Dwarfism (Achondroplasia)
Genetic condition that affects connective tissue (provide a framework for growth and development)
- Defect in production of structural protein (fibrillin) resulting in:
- Long legs and fingers, hyperextensible joints
- Defects of the heart, blood vessels (aneurysm), nervous system, eyes, skin, and lungs.
Marfan’s Syndrome
- Congenital defects
- Poor posture
- Bone diseases or growth disorders
Etiology of Spinal Deformities
- Back pain
- Fatigue
Symptoms of Spinal Deformities
- Kyphosis
- Lordosis
- Scolosis
Types of Spinal Deformities
Humped curvature of thoracic spine (humpback or hunchback)
- In postmenopausal osteoporotic women
Kyphosis
Exaggerated inward curvature of lumbar spine.
- Results in protruding abdomen and buttocks
- Occurs with pregnancy or obesity
Lordosis
Lateral curvature of the spine (usually lower spine).
- More females than males
- May occur at any age
Scoliosis
- Osteoma
- Osteosarcoma (osteogenic sarcoma)
- Chondrosarcoma
- Ewing’s tumor
- Giant cell tumor
Neoplasms of bone
A tumor formed of bone. It may occur as an overgrowth of or outgrowth from bone, but constituting an independent tumor, benign, rare.
- New piece of bone usually growing on another bone.
- Usually in the skull, long bones of the arms and legs (femur).
Osteoma
- Pain, mostly at night
- Most common in children, males
Symptoms of osteoma
Bone malignant neoplasm.
- Most common
- Accounting for 35% of primary bone malignancies
- More common in children and adolescents
- 50% arise from bones around the knee
Osteosarcoma (osteogenic sarcoma)
Cartilage based tumor.
- Shoulder and knee
- Rare cancer metastasizes to other parts of the body.
Chondrosarcoma
Small cell tumor.
- Most commonly affects young patients
- The origin is not known
- Usually in long bones of the leg
Ewing’s tumor
Massive destruction of the end (epiphysis) of a long bone.
- Knee, jaw bone
- Causes pain, restricts movement.
Giant cell tumor
