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Intro to Clinical Medicine > Nutritional Counseling > Flashcards

Nutritional Counseling Flashcards

1
Q

37% of americans have CVD
This is caused by?
6

A 
Increased cholesterol and other lipids
HTN
Type II DM
Obesity
Physical inactivity
Smoking
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2
Q

34% of americans have HTN. This is caused by?

3

A 
Increased sodium (Na+) in diet
Decreased potassium (K+) in diet
Increased alcohol intake
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3
Q

11% of Americans have type 2 diabetes. What is this caused by? 2

A

Obesity—diet related

Decreased physical activity

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4
Q

Diet recommendations from 2010 Dietary guidlines?

6

A
  1. Limit refined grains
  2. Limit solid fats, added sugars and Na
  3. 1 alcoholic drink a day for women and 2 for men
  4. Choose foods with K, dietary fiber, Ca, Vit D
  5. Eat a nutrient dense breakfast
  6. More seafood
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5
Q

What kind of exercise will decrease risk of chronic disease in adults?

A

30 min of moderate exercise

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6
Q

What kind of exercise will manage weight?

A

60 min of moderate intensity exercise

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7
Q

To sustain weight what kind of exercise is required?

A

60-90 minutes of moderate exercise

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8
Q

What percent of a person’s energy should come from fat?

A

20-35% of energy

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9
Q

Why should fat intake be higher in children?

A

They have lower mylination and you need to build up mylination using fat

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10
Q

Why should you keep trans fatty acids low?

A
  1. They increase LDL cholesterol and decrease HDL’s

2. Hydrogenated oils and solid fats (humans make)

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11
Q

When using fats what kind should we use?

A

use oils with high amounts of monounsaturated and/or polyunsaturated acids

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12
Q

What kind of fats are saturated fats?

A 
Animal fats
Tropical oils (coconut/palm)
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13
Q

Monosaturated fats are what kind of fats?

A

Olive Oil

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14
Q

Polyunsaturated fats are what kind of fats?

A 
Omega 6 (vegetable oils)
Omega 3 (fish oils)
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15
Q

Trans fats are what kind of foods?

A

Margarine, snack foods, processed foods

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16
Q

Why do we need a certain amount of fat?

A

to maintain the nervous system

17
Q

How many carbs do we want to intake for weight loss (weight loss sweet spot)?

A

under 100 grams

18
Q

How many net calories does it take to gain/lose a pound?

A

3500

19
Q

If someone gets short of breath when they cant eat what could it be?

A

COPD

20
Q

How can cancer effect calorie intake?

A

Can cause both inadequate intake or increased demands

21
Q

Inadequate intake can be due to what?

5

A 
Depression
Lack of funds
GI problems
Chronic illness
Anorexia
22
Q

Excess requirements could be due to what?

2

A

Increased metabolic demands (i.e. healing from surgery)‏

Thyroid abnormalities- hyperthyroidism

23
Q

What BMI is considerd underweight?

A

18 and under

24
Q

What kind of labs could we draw to try and find the cause of an underweight person?
4

A
  1. CBC—neutropenia; possible macrocytic anemia due to B12 or folate deficiency
  2. CMP—hypoalbunemia
  3. Lipids—decreased cholesterol and triglycerides
  4. If indicated thyroid panel (hyperthyroidism)
25
Q

Weight gain due to decreased metabolism can be caused by?

4

A
  1. Aging
  2. Thyroid abnormalities- hypothyroidism
  3. Menopause
  4. Sedentary lifestyle
26
Q

Weight gain to due to fluid retention can be caused by what?

3

A

Heart failure
Liver failure/cancer
Ovarian cancer

27
Q

What does ascities usually indicate?

2

A

cancer or liver failure

28
Q

If patients have an elevated BMI what labs could we do to determine the cause?
3

A
  1. CBC—may show anemia either iron deficiency or anemia of chronic disease\
  2. CMP—elevated LFTs, decreased albumin(due to liver funciton)
  3. Low TSH (hypothyroidism)
29
Q

HOw many servings of Veggies?

A

3-5

30
Q

How many servings of grains?

A

6-11

31
Q

How many servings of fruit?

A

2-4

32
Q

How many servings of ca/dairy?

A

2-3

33
Q

Goals for adults for physical activity?

3

A
  1. Be more active throughout the day
  2. 30 minutes of moderate physical activity most or preferably all days of the week
  3. Adults trying to maintain weight after weight loss advised to get 60 minutes
34
Q

How many servings of Omega 3 foods?

A

1-3

35
Q

How many servings of vegetable oils and condiments?

A

1-2 Tablespoons/sparingly

36
Q

How many servings of meats and proteins?

A

2-3

37
Q

Physical activity goals for children?

2

A

60 minutes of physical activity daily

Limit inactive forms of play—screen time!!!

38
Q

Look at case studies

A

6

Intro to Clinical Medicine (12 decks)

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