Nutritional Counseling Flashcards
37% of americans have CVD
This is caused by?
6
Increased cholesterol and other lipids HTN Type II DM Obesity Physical inactivity Smoking
34% of americans have HTN. This is caused by?
3
Increased sodium (Na+) in diet Decreased potassium (K+) in diet Increased alcohol intake
11% of Americans have type 2 diabetes. What is this caused by? 2
Obesity—diet related
Decreased physical activity
Diet recommendations from 2010 Dietary guidlines?
6
- Limit refined grains
- Limit solid fats, added sugars and Na
- 1 alcoholic drink a day for women and 2 for men
- Choose foods with K, dietary fiber, Ca, Vit D
- Eat a nutrient dense breakfast
- More seafood
What kind of exercise will decrease risk of chronic disease in adults?
30 min of moderate exercise
What kind of exercise will manage weight?
60 min of moderate intensity exercise
To sustain weight what kind of exercise is required?
60-90 minutes of moderate exercise
What percent of a person’s energy should come from fat?
20-35% of energy
Why should fat intake be higher in children?
They have lower mylination and you need to build up mylination using fat
Why should you keep trans fatty acids low?
- They increase LDL cholesterol and decrease HDL’s
2. Hydrogenated oils and solid fats (humans make)
When using fats what kind should we use?
use oils with high amounts of monounsaturated and/or polyunsaturated acids
What kind of fats are saturated fats?
Animal fats Tropical oils (coconut/palm)
Monosaturated fats are what kind of fats?
Olive Oil
Polyunsaturated fats are what kind of fats?
Omega 6 (vegetable oils) Omega 3 (fish oils)
Trans fats are what kind of foods?
Margarine, snack foods, processed foods
Why do we need a certain amount of fat?
to maintain the nervous system
How many carbs do we want to intake for weight loss (weight loss sweet spot)?
under 100 grams
How many net calories does it take to gain/lose a pound?
3500
If someone gets short of breath when they cant eat what could it be?
COPD
How can cancer effect calorie intake?
Can cause both inadequate intake or increased demands
Inadequate intake can be due to what?
5
Depression Lack of funds GI problems Chronic illness Anorexia
Excess requirements could be due to what?
2
Increased metabolic demands (i.e. healing from surgery)
Thyroid abnormalities- hyperthyroidism
What BMI is considerd underweight?
18 and under
What kind of labs could we draw to try and find the cause of an underweight person?
4
- CBC—neutropenia; possible macrocytic anemia due to B12 or folate deficiency
- CMP—hypoalbunemia
- Lipids—decreased cholesterol and triglycerides
- If indicated thyroid panel (hyperthyroidism)
