Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Life Cycles > Nutritional Assessment > Flashcards

Nutritional Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Nutritional Screening

A
  • Food and Nutrient Intake Patterns
    • Calorie, macros, vits, minerals
    • Swallowing issues, GI issues,
    • Food habits, misuse of supplements
    • Restricted, therapeutic diet
  • Psych and Social factors
    • Low literacy, language
    • Depression, mental health
    • Resources, income, substance abuse
  • Physical Conditions
    • Age extremes, pregnancy, fat/muscle wasting, organ dysfunction, AIDS, cancer
  • Abnormal Lab Values: visceral proteins, lipids, BG - Medications
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Characteristics of a Good Screen

A

Simple and quick process Uses data routinely gathered

Facilitates completion of early intervention goals

Includes data on risk factors

Cost effective

**Main goal: Determines need for nutrition assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Individual Assessment

A

Evaluate, Analyze, Plan, Implement, Evaluate and Record

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Community Assessment

A

Focus on high risk groups

  • Phases:
    • Screening and assessment
    • Data collection of population
    • Analysis of information to identify health needs and problems
  • Objectives:
    • General goals determined
    • Involving staff and agency decisions
    • Establish time line
  • Program Plan: Plan of action, staff, documentation, sources of funding, budget planning, equipment
  • Evaluation: Assessment should be ongoing, evaluate results, revisions for study purposes or for conversion to regular, ongoing program status
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Anthropometric - Weight

A

Ideal weight for height (% ideal)

Usual weight (% usual)

Actual weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

“Ideal Weight”

A

Met Life Insurance Tables ‘59 and ‘83

Some people think we should aim to achieve ‘59 values because we were thinner back then

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Miller Method

A

Women: 119 lbs for 5ft + 3 lbs/in

Men: 135 lbs for 5 ft + 3lbs/in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Frame Size by Wrist Circumference

A

r = Height (cm) / Wrist Circumference (cm)

  • Males
    • r > 10.4 small
    • r = 9.6-10.4 medium
    • r < 9.6 large
  • Females
    • r > 11 small
    • r = 10.1-11 medium
    • r < 10.1 large
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Body Compartments

A

Lean Body Mass = Fat Free Mass

Body fat = # and size of fat cells

Body water - LBM contains more water

Mineral Mass - smallest component

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

BMI

A

BMI = wt (kg) / ht (m)

  • 2 2.54 cm/in

Not a good measure if:

  • Very high in muscle mass
  • Low muscle mass
  • Dense/large bones
  • Dehydration, overhydration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mid-Upper-Arm Circumference (MAC)

A

Non-dominant arm

Midpoint between scapula and elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Triceps Skinfold Thickness (TSF)

A

Requires calipers good estimate of subcutaneous fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mid-Upper-Arm MUSCLE Circumference (MAMC)

A

Calculated using MAC and TSF to estimate body’s skeletal muscle mass

MAC(cm) - [(.314 x TSF(mm)]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Waist to Hip Ratio

A

Indicative of android obesity, which correlates with obesity related diseases

Healthy:

  • Women < 0.8
  • Men < 1.0
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)

A
  • Body fat/body composition analysis
  • LBM has higher electrical conductivity and low impedance, relative to water, based on electrolyte content
  • Electrodes attached to extremities
  • Electrical and resistance data obtained
  • Highly sensitive to hydration status
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Biochemical Analysis

A

Most objective and most sensitive data

Quality control can be maintained

Nutrition specific lab data tests on body fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Albumin

A

Normal: 3.5-5

  • Most abundant and most often measured protein
  • Long Half life - 21 days - can’t evaluate short term changes
  • Made in liver
  • Functions to maintain oncotic pressure, keeping fluids in the right places in the body
  • Nonspecific carrier protein
  • Inexpensive nutritional marker in a non-stressed person
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Preablumin / Transthyretin

A

Normal: 19 - 43

  • Transport protein with many physiological roles
  • Correlates with short term changes in nutritional status in non-stressed person
  • Short half life - 2 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hematocrit

A

Men: 41-53%

Women: 36-46%

  • Percentage of RBC’s in the blood by vol
  • Indicates ratio of RBC vol to total blood vol
  • Low level can be indicative of anemia or blood loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Men >14

Women >12

  • Oxygen carrying pigment in RBC
  • Formed by developing RBC in bone marrow
  • Low level indicative of anemia
21
Q

Blood Level Evaluation

A

Used for:

  • Absorptive capacity
  • Organ function
  • Disease management
  • Nutritional status
  • Risk for chronic dx
    • Lipid profile
    • CRP
    • Glycosylated Hgb
22
Q

Lymphocyte Count

A

Normal >2700

Decreased in PCM (protein calorie malnutrition)

Affected by many medical conditions, infections, medications (chemo, XRT, steroids)

23
Q

Skin Testing

A

PPD: Purified protein derivative of tuberculin

Mumps

Anergy (no response) can be sign of PCM

24
Q

Nitrogen Balance

A
  • Term used to describe relative balance of daily intake and output of nitrogen
  • Measure of how well tissue proteins are being maintained

[Protein intake (g) / 6.25] - [UUN*(g) + 4g**]

  • * Measured Urinary Urea Nitrogen
  • ** 4g accounting for average N lost in stool and skin
  • 6.25 g Protein = 1g N
25
Q

Catabolism

A
  • Negative Nitrogen balance
  • ongoing process of the breakdown of tissue proteins
  • Active during stress/illness - body uses its own muscle mass to meet nitrogen requirements
26
Q

Anabolism

A

Positive Nitrogen Balance

Process of re-synthesizing tissue proteins

Active during growth, recoery and weight training

27
Q

Clinical - General Appearance

A
  • Confusion*: thiamin, Niacin, dehydration
  • Weakness*: PCM, B12, Niacin, anemia
  • Neuropathy*: thiamin, chromium, pyridoxine
  • Psychmotor changes*: Kwashiorkor (protein malnutrition - no albumin, no oncotic pressure, fluid goes into abdomen)
  • Sensory losses*: Niacin
  • Dementia*: B12, thiamin
28
Q

Clinical - Hair

A

Luster, color, alopecia, scalp

PCM, protein, EFA’s, zinc, copper

29
Q

Clinical - Skin

A
  • Scaling around nostrils*: Riboflavin
  • Scaly dermatitis:* niacin, Vit A, zinc, EFA’s
  • Swollen, moon face:* protein
  • Pale:* anemia
  • Dry, poor turgor:* dehydration
30
Q

Clinical - Nails

A

Cup-like depressions: IRON

31
Q

Clinical - Eyes

A
  • Pale conjunctiva*: Anemia
  • Dry, dull conjunctiva*: Vit A
  • Night Blindness*: Vit A
  • Redness, fissuring at corners*: Riboflavin, pyridoxine
32
Q

Clinical - Mouth

A
  • Angular Cheilosis*: Riboflavin
  • Swollen lips, buccal mucosa extends to lips
  • Magenta Tongue*: Riboflavin
  • Mucosal Atrophy*: Niacin
  • Bleeding Gums:* Vit C and Vit K
  • Flourosis* - White areas in the enamel of teeth: too much flouride
  • Dental Caries*: decreased flouride, excess sugar
33
Q

Clinical - Muscles, Skeleton

A

Cachexia: general malnutrition, protein wasting

  • Bruising*: Vit C, K
  • Tremor*: electrolytes
  • Edema*: protein
  • Rickets, osteoporosis, bone pain*: calcium, Vit D, Phosphorus
34
Q

Clinical - Abdomen, GI Function

A

Ascites: PCM, protein, other disorders

  • Diarrhea*: PCM, thiamine, malabsorption, IBD, infection, meds, antibiotics
  • Bloating, distention*: lactose, intolerances, disorders, meds
  • Appetite*: PCM, thiamine, niacin, meds, other problems
  • Taste changes*: zinc, meds
35
Q

Diet History

A
  • Usual food and beverage habits
  • Meal patterns, changes on weekend
  • likes, dislikes
  • Food allergies and intolerances
  • ETOH and drugs
  • Vitamins and supplements
  • Physical and Sedentary activities
36
Q

24 Hour Recall

A

Guided by clinician

Type and amount of each food and beverage in the previous 24 hours

Downfalls:

  • may not reflect typical intake
  • Not ideal for individuals with memory problems
  • Misreported portion sizes
37
Q

Nutrient Intake Analysis

A

“Calorie Count”

Collected by direct observations - may yield inconsistent and subjective estimates of food consumption

Portion sizes vary

Labor intensive

For studies, use pre meal and post meal weights

38
Q

Food Records

A

3-7 Days of analysis

Need to teach client how to describe, measure and record foods

Best method to obtain accurate info

Downfalls

  • Data is only as good as the record
  • Intake may be influenced by recording process
  • Not good for people who can’t read
39
Q

Food Frequency Questionnaire

A

Assessment of nutrient intake over an extended period of time

Retrospective

Clinician guided or client centered

Not ideal for individuals with memory problems

Useful for group studies of disease risk and incidence

40
Q

Caution with Dietary Assessment Tools

A

10-45% underreport food intake

Underreporting:

  • increases as children age
  • women > men
  • obese > non-obese
41
Q

Harris-Benedict Equation

A
  • Intended for adults, not kids
  • Estimated Basal (BEE)

Women: BEE = 655 + 9.56W + 1.85H - 4.68A

Men: BEE = 66.5 + 13.75W + 5H - 6.75A

Downfalls

  • Overestimates by 7-24%
  • 45-81% accuracy
  • Does not factor in body composition
  • Activity level is difficult to assign
  • Taller and heavier than 1919
  • young/old and underweight/overweight not represented
42
Q

Activity Levels - Harris Benedict

A
  • Sedentary 1-1.39
  • Bed Bound 1.2
  • Low Activity 1.4-1.59
  • Active 1.6-1.89
  • High 1.9-2.5
43
Q

Mifflin St. Jeor Equation

A
  • Healthy Population
  • 82% accuracy in non-obese

Women: REE = 10W + 6.25H - 5A - 161

Men: REE = 10W + 6.25H - 5A + 5

Activity Levels

  • Sedentary: 1.2
  • Obese: 1.3
  • Light Activity: 1.4-1.6
  • Moderate: 1.55
  • Very High: 1.725
44
Q

Ballpark Method

A
  • 15 kcal/lb (maintenance)
  • 13 kcal/lb (weight loss)
  • 17 kcal/lb (weight gain)

Ranges

  • 14-20 kcal/kg
    • Obese
    • inactive
    • Chronic dieters
  • 30 kcal/kg
    • Very active women
    • Active men
  • 25-29 kcal/kg
    • Adults >55
    • Active women
    • Sedentary men
    • Hospitalized, non-stressed patients
  • 35-45 kcal/kg
    • Underweight
    • Very active men
    • Malnourished
    • Catabolic
45
Q

Adjusted BW

A

[(Actual BW - Ideal BW) x 0.25] + IBW

  • Debated
  • Equation to try to account for excess actual body weight
  • Assumes 25% of excess BW is metabolically active
46
Q

Protein Requirements

A
  • Healthy adults: 0.8g / kg IBW
  • Minimum to maintain N balance in healthy adult = 0.5 g/kg BW
47
Q

Malnutrition

A

Prevalent in low income families

Prevalent in hospitalized, chronically ill and especially in elderly

Can occur at any weight

May result in poor growth, osteoporosis, lowered resistance to infections, poor healing, increased morbidity and mortality

48
Q
A

Life Cycles (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions