Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Life Cycles > Life Stages / Nutrient Overview > Flashcards

Life Stages / Nutrient Overview Flashcards

1
Q

Infancy

A

Birth - 1 year
Rapid growth
Development of oral cavity and function, fine and gross motor skills
Family bonding and social component of eating starts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Preschool

A

Toddler: 1-3
Preschool: 3-5
Language, self feeding and simple meal prep, learns limits of acceptable behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

School Age

A

Middle Childhood: 5-10
Preadolescence: 9-11 for girls, 10-12 for boys
Polish fine and gross motor skills, develops personality, independence
Formation of food related behaviors due to environment and parental influences
basic nutrition edu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Adolescence

A 
11-21 years 
Changes in nutritional requirements based on body composition, not age 
Food choices based on social factors 
Eating disorders 
Gender differences after puberty
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Adulthood

A

21-64 years
Health promotion and disease prevention are the focus
Micronutrients change more than macros
Long term patterns
Goals of maintaining desirable weight, body fat composition, variety of foods and prevention of dx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Aging

A

> 65
Fastest growing group in developed countries
Financial limitations
Increased malnutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Carbs

A

45-65% kcals (DRI)

Metabolism yields ATP for energy, CO2 and H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Glycemic Index

A

Measure of the extent to which BG is raised by a 50g portion of Carb compared to 50g of glucose
High GI = carbs are quickly and easily digested

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Fiber

A

2 kcal/g
Plant material remaining after digestion - bulk for elimination
Decreases rate of glucose absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fiber IOM

A 
9-13    M: 25, F: 22
14-18  M: 31, F: 25
19-30  M: 34, F: 28
31-50  M: 31, F: 25
51+     M: 28, F: 22
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Prebiotics

A

Fiber-like indigestible carb
Broken down by colonic bacteria -> products foster growth of new bacteria
“Fertilizer”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Probiotics

A

“Friendly” bacteria
Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, Acidophilus
Naturally occurring from fermentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lactose Intolerance

A

Lactase sits on top of finger-like villi in GI tract - no lactase = can’t digest lactose -> bloating, distention, cramps, gas, diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Protein

A

C, H, O and N (16% Nitrogen content)

10-35% kcals, usually 20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Essential Amino Acids

A 
**Pvt. Tim Hall**
Phylalanine
Valine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Isoleucine
Methionine
Histidine
Arginine** (Semi-Essential)
Lysine
Leucine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Semi-Essential AA

A

CAT
Cysteine, Arginine, Tyrosine
Essential during growth, infancy and sickness

17
Q

Vegetarian Diet

A

Combinations adequate in Lysine, Methionine and Tryptophan
Grains - Methionine
Legumes - Lysine

18
Q

Nonessential AA

A

Alanine, Asparagine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Hydroxyproline, Hydroxylysine, Proline, Serine

19
Q

Fat

A

Stores energy in adipose tissue

20-35% DRI

20
Q

Essential Fatty Acids

A 
Linoleic Acid (Omega 6) - vegetable oils, meats, human milk
Alpha Linoleic Acid (Omega 3) - EPA and DHA from fatty, cold-water fish, shellfish, human breast milk, dark leafy greens
Rec intake = 500 mg/day, US eats 100 mg/day
21
Q

Vitamins

A

Coenzymes in metabolic pathways

Essential in the diet

22
Q

Fat Soluble Vitamins

A 
Stored in fat - so can be toxic
Vit A: eyes, epithelial tissues
Vit E: antioxidant
Vit D: Hormone, bone and mineral metabolism
Vit K: clotting
23
Q

Water Soluble Vitamins

A

Synthesized by plans and supplied in the diet by plants, except B12 (which is stored in the muscle)
All (except Vit C) are coenzyme factors in cell rx

Thiamin (B1), Niacin, Riboflavin, Pyridoxine (B6), Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, Folate, Vit C

24
Q

Minerals

A

Many essential to human life
Perform a wide variety of metabolic tasks
Occur in varying amounts in the body

25
Q

Major Minerals

A 
Calcium
Sodium
Magnesium
Sulfur
Phosphorus
Potassium
Chloride

DRI = >100 mg/day

26
Q

Trace Minerals

A 
Occur in small quantities in the body
<100 mg/day
Maintain homeostasis
Excess Ca interferes with Fe and Mg absorption
Excess Zn can reduce Cu absorption

Iron, Iodine, Manganese, Zinc, Cu, Chromium, Cobalt, Flourine, Molybdenum, Boron, Selenium, Cadmium, Silicone, Nickel, Vanadium, Tin, Arsenic, Aluminum

27
Q

Iron

A

Most common deficiency - Trace Mineral
Deficiency = impaired behavioral development in kids and impaired pregnancy
Women lose 4-5 mg during menstruation
Excess can lead to atherosclerosis, especially in men

28
Q

USDA Food Guidance History

A

1900’s: “Food for Young Children” with 5 food groups - Milk and Meat, Cereal, Vegetables and Fruit, Fat and Fatty foods, Sugar and Sugary foods

1940’s: First set of RDA’s, “Basic 7”
1950’s: “Basic 4” - milk, fruit and veg, meat, bread and cereal

1970’s: First caution group, first concern about excess

1992: Food Guide Pyramid - first visual portions
2005: MyPyramid.gov - more emphasis on activity, switched to healthy vs. unhealthy within food groups
2011: ChooseMyPlate.gov - plate view, half fruits and veggies

Life Cycles (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions