Dietary Guidelines

Question 1

American Dietary Guidelines

Answer 1

Revised every 5 years by USDA and HHS
Americans > 2 years old
Originally for healthy americans, now includes those at risk for chronic dx
Goals: maintain calorie balance over time to achieve and sustain a healthy weight through ALL stages of life and focus on consuming nutrient-dense foods and beverages

Question 2

Key Recommendations

Answer 2

Balance calories with physical activity
Consumer Message:
- Enjoy your food but eat less
- Avoid oversized portions

Question 3

Foods to Reduce

Answer 3

Foods that increase risk of chronic Dx
Sodium (new in 2011) - 2300 mg/day, and 1500 mg/day for African Americans, people > 51 yo, and individuals with HTN, DM and CKD
Sat Fat <10% total kcal
No trans fat 
Reduce added sugar, refined grains, ETOH
Consumer Message:
 - Drink water instead of sugary drinks
 - Choose low sodium foods

Question 4

Foods to Increase

Answer 4

Fruits and Veggies
Variety of Veggies
Whole grain intake
Fat free and low fat dairy
Consumer Message
 - Healthy Plate
 - Half of plate fruit and veggies
 - 50% of grains should be whole 
 - Switch to fat free/low fat milk
New Rec to increase seafood and use oil instead of solid fat

Question 5

Healthy Eating Patterns

Answer 5

Eating Behaviors (importance of breakfast, caution against fast food, etc)
Eating pattern should meet nutrient needs at appropriate caloric level
Account for food and bvgs
Follow food safety

Question 6

Recommendations for Specific Pops

Answer 6

Women Capable of Pregnancy: heme iron foods coupled with Vit C rich foods and 400 mcg/day synthetic folic acid

Pregnant/Breastfeeding: Fe supplement, 8-12 oz seafood/week, limit albacore tuna to 6 oz/week, no tilefish, shark, swordfish and king mackerel

People > 50: B12 supplement or fortified foods

Question 7

Be Active Your Way

Answer 7

Children: >60 min/day
Adults:
> 2hr and 30 min / week moderate
> 1hr and 15 min / week vigorous
> 5 hr / week has more extensive benefits

Question 8

Healthy People 2020 - Objectives

Answer 8

1. Attain high quality, longer lives, free of preventable dx, disability, injury and premature death
2. Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, improve health of all groups
3. Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all
4. Promote quality of life and healthy behaviors across all life stages

Question 9

Some Healthy People Goals

Answer 9

Increase Healthy Wt Adults

• 2000, from 42% -> 60%
• 2010, from 30.8% -> 33.9%

Decrease Obese Adults

• 2000, from 23% -> 15%
• 2010, from 34% -> 30.6%

Obese kids from ~18% -> ~16%

Food insecurity from ~15% -> 6%

Increase fruit, veg, whole grain and Ca consumption, decrease sat fat and sodium, decrease Fe deficiency in kids, women and low income pregnant women, increase worksite nutrition programs and pt nutrition counseling

Question 10

RDA’s

Answer 10

Amount of a nutrient that should decrease the risk of chronic dx for almost all healthy people of specified age and gender
Established in 1940’s
Insufficient for Optimizing health

Question 11

DRI’s - Dietary Reference Intakes

Answer 11

Rec intake levels for macros, vits and minerals

Umbrella term for RDA, AI, Ear and UL

Question 12

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

Answer 12

The amount that meets the optimal nutrient needs of half the population of a specified group

Question 13

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

Answer 13

Level above which adverse effects may result

Question 14

Adequate Intake (AI)

Answer 14

“Tentative RDA”

Same as RDA, but lacking scientific evidence to establish official RDA