Nutritional Assessment

Question 1

اللهمّ أكرمني بجودة الحفظ وسرعة الفهم وثبات العقل والذهن والذاكرة بحق قولك: «الرَّحْمَـنُ، عَلَّمَ الْقُرْآنَ، خَلَقَ الْإِنسَانَ، عَلَّمَهُ الْبَيَانَ، الشَّمْسُ وَالْقَمَرُ بِحُسْبَانٍ».

Answer 1

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Question 2

Assessment vs. Screening

Answer 2

Screening:
 Quickly checking some basic data,
 In a large number of patients,
 Identifies those most likely at risk
 Who require in-depth nutritional assessment and possible intervention.

Question 3

شوية كلامNutritional Assessment

Answer 3

Assessment = in-depth evaluation of a specific patient, using all available data to get a full clinical picture of this patient (nutritional status).
 Assessment = detailed care for a specific patient is planned.

Question 4

Nutritional status is the

Answer 4

balance between the intake of nutrients by an individual and the expenditure of these nutrients in maintaining the normal metabolic integrity including growth.

Question 5

Nutritional status refers to whether or not you are______________

Answer 5

eating the correct amounts and types of nutrients.

Question 6

Malnutrition includes under-nutrition and

over-nutrition(——)

Answer 6

✅✅

Question 7

Full Nutritional Assessment (ABCD)

Answer 7

Anthropometry
 Biochemical or laboratory tests  Clinical indicators
 Dietary assessment

Question 8

Anthropometry

Answer 8

non-invasive physical measurements that assess the size or body composition of an individual.

Question 9

Data can be affected by human or mechanical errors, so accurate measuring is important.

Answer 9

In Anthropometry

Question 10

Anthropometric Measurements :

Weight and height are the ________measurements
. Head circumference and chest circumference: only_______.
Waist circumference and waist to hip ratio

Skin-fold thickness measurements: to estimate body fat using________.

Mid arm muscle circumference: to assess
__________.

Answer 10

most common .

for infants.

calipers

skeletal muscle mass

Question 11

Anthropometry in adults

Answer 11

Weight.
 Height.
 Body mass index (BMI).  Waist circumference.
 Waist: hip ratio.

Question 12

Weight
 📌It is an\_\_\_\_\_ measurement.
📌It does not take into consideration the
\_\_\_\_\_\_of the of person.
📌Weight measurement cannot distinguish a heavily muscled person from a fat one when both are of the same weight.🔴🔴🔴🔴🔴

Answer 12

easy

height

Question 13

Body Mass Index (BMI)

BMI offers a basic index for determining health concerns related to_______.

BMI is more______ than weight in assessing fatness, as it takes into consideration the_________ of the of person. However, BMI does not take into account the role of_______ in this ratio.

Answer 13

obesity

accurate, height

muscles

Question 14

Waist circumference can be used to assess

Answer 14

central (abdominal) obesity and risk of CVD.

Question 15

Waist circumference should be less than

Answer 15

88 cm in women

102 cm in men

Question 16

Skin-fold thickness measurements at
1.
2.
3.
4.

using________, give an accurate
value for body____.

Answer 16

mid-triceps, mid- biceps, sub- scapular and supra-iliac sites

calipers

fat.

Question 17

Skinfold thickness is __________than weight measurement in distinguishing fatness, since weight measurement cannot distinguish a heavily muscled person from a fat one when both are of the same weight.

Answer 17

more sensitive

Question 18

Anthropometry in children

Answer 18

• Weight for age
• Weight for height
• (Height/Length) for age
• BMI for age
• Head circumference for age
• MAC
• Chest circumference

Question 19

To interpret anthropometric data, they must be compared with__________
Because well nourished children (under the age of five years) in all populations follow similar patterns of growth, international growth charts are used for worldwide children. 🔴🔴

Sequence of measurements is essential.

Answer 19

reference data

Question 20

low height (length)-for-age is considered stunting. 
🔴🔴low weight-for-age indicates\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 20

underweight

Question 21

Biochemical or laboratory tests
-Purpose of collecting laboratory data is to determine status______ the body

Blood and urine samples are used to directly measure a nutrient or metabolites that are affected by the nutrient

The earliest signs of nutritional problems are biochemical rather than clinical.

Answer 21

inside

Question 22

-As with the other areas of nutritional assessment, biochemical data need to be viewed as a part of the whole assessment.
-Consider ‘normal’ ranges.
-No single test is diagnostic, and they are
not specific (may be due to other causes).

Answer 22

-

Question 23

Biochemical or laboratory tests

Answer 23

• Albumin

- Hematological Assessment

Question 24

To determine the presence of nutritional anemia.

Answer 24

• Iron: hypochromic, microcytic
• B12 : normochromic, macrocytic
• If both iron and B vitamin deficiencies coexist, values may be normal.

Question 25

Clinical Indicators

Answer 25

• Are used to detect changes in the external appearance of the body due to nutritional deficiencies.
• Signs of nutritional deficiencies may not be specific (may be due to other causes), and these changes will be interpreted with more specific tests of nutritional assessment.

Question 26

Signs occur most rapidly in those parts of the body where cell turnover is frequent, such as___,____,and_____
- Clinical signs are the end result of relatively long-standing nutritional deficiency

Answer 26

hair, skin and digestive tract.

Question 27

Indicators of deficiencies: Mouth

Answer 27

Cracked lips (cheilosis)
 Cracks at corners of mouth (angular
stomatitis)
 Bleeding/spongy gums
 Inflamed tongue (glossitis)

Question 28

Hair and Nails

Answer 28

Hair:
 Easily pluckable  Pigment loss
Nails:
 Flat or spoon-shaped (koilonychia)  Pale

Question 29

Musculoskeletal system:

Answer 29

To note bone deformities and muscle

wasting.

Question 30

Subcutaneous tissues:

Answer 30

To detect fat thickness and edema.

Question 31

______is the most difficult issue in nutritional assessment, as validity of the information is always a question.

Answer 31

Dietary assessment,

food intake is not constant from day to day, an average intake over a period of time would reflect “habitual” intakes.

Question 32

Diet history/clinical history

Information on dietary intake of individuals is usually obtained by:

Answer 32

The weighed inventory
 Food diaries
 Food frequency questionnaire  The diet interview
Food intakes are usually under-reported.

Question 33

The gold standards of dietary intake studies.

Answer 33

The weighed inventory,

All food eaten by the subject during a period, usually 1 week, is weighed and recorded.
 It is inconvenient and time consuming, and most subjects under record their food intake.

Question 34

Food diaries

Answer 34

The food eaten is simply recorded in a notebook over a period of time (usually 3 or 7 days).
 The subject is asked to provide an estimate of the portion size using household measures, e.g. spoons, cups or recording packet weights.
 Keeping a record may change a person’s food intake and therefore affect accuracy.

Question 35

Food frequency

questionnaire or checklist

Answer 35

How often the person eats foods on a list (several times a day, daily, weekly or monthly).
 Food intake is assessed retrospectively. Advantages:
 Requires only short period of time.
 Current diets are not altered. Disadvantages:
 Assessing portion size of foods is a problem.

Question 36

The dietary interview

Answer 36

The dietary interview requires a skilled interviewer to elicit an accurate picture of a personal diet history during one week.
 Food intake is assessed retrospectively. Disadvantages:
 Requires a skilled interviewer and a subject with a good memory.
 Time consuming.

Question 38

اللهم افتح لي أبواب حكمتك، وانشر عليّ رحمتك، وامنن عليّ بالحفظ والفهم، سبحانك لا علم لنا إلا ما علمتنا، إنّك أنت العليم الحكيم.

Answer 38

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