NUTRITION AND RENAL DISEASES

Question 1

اللهمّ أكرمني بجودة الحفظ وسرعة الفهم وثبات العقل والذهن والذاكرة بحق قولك: «الرَّحْمَـنُ، عَلَّمَ الْقُرْآنَ، خَلَقَ الْإِنسَانَ، عَلَّمَهُ الْبَيَانَ، الشَّمْسُ وَالْقَمَرُ بِحُسْبَانٍ».

Answer 1

💜

Question 3

The most common types of renal stones are:

Answer 3

Calcium oxalate
 Uric acid stones
 Infective stones
 Cystine stones

Question 4

The most common type of renal stones is_________

Answer 4

Calcium oxalate stones

Question 5

Dietary advices to decrease recurrence of Calcium oxalate stones:

Answer 5

Increase fluid intake.
Decrease the intake of oxalate-rich foods.
Maintain normal calcium intake with meals to bind oxalate and increase its loss from GIT.
Decrease salt intake (< 6g/day). Take adequate amount of proteins and
decrease animal proteins.

Question 6

The second most common type of renal stones is_________

Answer 6

Uric acid stones

Question 7

Dietary advices to decrease recurrence of Uric acid stones:

Answer 7

Increase fluid intake.
Decrease purine intake: decrease consumption of alcohol, animal organs such as liver and kidney, red meat.
Proper management of obesity.
Dairy products and plant proteins??

Question 8

Malnutrition occurs in up to____ of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.

Answer 8

40%

Question 9

Malnutrition in patients with CRF is very common and generally presents with:

Answer 9

Low body weight,
Loss of muscle mass,
Low plasma levels of serum albumin and
 Depletion of adipose tissues.

Question 10

___________ is the most common cause of CRF

Answer 10

Diabetes mellitus

Question 11

Malnutrition in renal failure is multifactorial.(—-)

Patients on dialysis present many challenges for nutrition practitioners(——)

Answer 11

✅✅

✅✅

Question 12

Factors contributing to malnutrition in renal failure

Answer 12

• Decreased food intake due to associated anorexia and nausea
• Dietary Restrictions
• Loss of nutrients in dialysate
• Chronic blood loss
• Concurrent illness and hospitalizations

Question 13

Calories for kidney diseases

Answer 13

30-35 kcal/kg body weight

Nitrogen (protein) balance is highly dependent on the energy intake, so that an adequate energy intake has a protein-saving effect🔴🔴🔴🔴🔴

Question 14

🔴Protein Requirements for kidney diseases
Adults with chronic renal failure who are not receiving dialysis can usually maintain a neutral nitrogen balance by consuming____ g of protein per kilogram body weight.
🔴The reduced protein intake may decrease_______ and delay the need for dialysis.

Answer 14

0.6
Most of this protein should be of high biological value.

uremic symptoms📌

Question 15

The protein requirements for patients receiving dialysis are increased above the requirements for healthy adults________.

Answer 15

(1.2 g/kg)

Question 16

Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis_______ nitrogen losses.

Answer 16

increase

Question 17

Patients with CRF are considered at high risk for________ diseases; so they should follow AHA step__ Diet, to keep LDL less than____ mg/dl.

Answer 17

cardiovascular

2

100

However, many patients need drugs to achieve this level.

Question 18

Patients who require dialysis are known to lose water-soluble vitamins mainly_____,______,_____ and_______.

Answer 18

vitamin C, thiamine, folate and pyridoxine.

Question 19

Patients with CRF have decreased excretion of_________ and cases of ________have been reported.

Answer 19

vitamin A, hypervitaminosis A

Question 20

🔴Patients with CRF should receive standard ________supplements.

🔴Patients who have advanced CRF, or who receive dialysis should be given the “active” form of vitamin D (1,25dihydroxycholecalciferol).✅

Answer 20

🔴 vitamin D

Question 21

🔴High-Sodium foods, canned and processed foods are omitted.(exclude).
🔴Moderate-Sodium foods are eliminated.
🔴Table salt is not allowed at meals or during
cooking. Replace salt shaker with herb shaker.
🔴Regular bread is limited (2 pita are allowed, additional bread must be salt free).

🔴No more than 2 cups of milk per day.

Answer 21

🔴

Question 22

If hyperkalemia present

Answer 22

• Restrict high potassium foods.
• Avoid constipation.
• Boiling, peeling and soaking decrease potassium content of foods.

Question 23

اللهم افتح لي أبواب حكمتك، وانشر عليّ رحمتك، وامنن عليّ بالحفظ والفهم، سبحانك لا علم لنا إلا ما علمتنا، إنّك أنت العليم الحكيم.

Answer 23

🧡🧡

Question 24

High k content

Bananas Dates-Apricot Oranges Okra-potatoes
Tomatoes
Spinach
Avocado

Answer 24

low k content
Apples Grapes Watermelon
Pepper Cucumber Cauliflower