مراجعه

Question 1

Antioxidants in foods

Answer 1

Vitamin C
•Vitamin E
•Beta-carotene
•Selenium
•Copper
•Phytochemicals

Question 2

The accumulation of free radicals in the body generates a phenomenon called

Answer 2

oxidative stress

Question 3

Multivitamins supplementation doesn’t equal fruits and vegetables intake.

Answer 3

✅✅

Question 4

beta-carotene supplementation actually increased the risk of

Answer 4

lung cancer among smokers.

Question 5

Phyto-oestrogens:

Answer 5

In soya beans, lentils, sweet potatoes and flaxseed, possibly protective against breast and prostate cancer

Question 6

Carotenoids (lycopene):

Answer 6

In tomato and tomato products, possibly protective against prostate cancer.

Question 7

Glucosinolates

Answer 7

In cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli and turnip, possibly prevent cancer development.

Question 8

Butyric acid is short chain saturated F.A which inhibits colonic tumor cells, and promotes healthy colonic epithelial cells; but the mechanism is not well understood.

Answer 8

Important

Question 9

Milk fats represent the main dietary source of Butyric acid. In addition, it can be synthesized by fermentation of NSP by normal flora in the intestine.

Answer 9

Important

Question 10

Limit the intake of red meat to less than 80 grams daily (500 g weekly). Choose fish or poultry in place of red meat.

Answer 10

The decline in both stroke and gastric cancer mortality explained by decreases in salt intake

Question 11

Overconsumption of foods leads to overproduction of free radicals

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

All cells, including cancer cells, use_________ for energy production.

Answer 12

sugar (glucose)

Question 13

When glucose is scarce, the body uses an alternative form of energy for cells. The liver then produces ketone bodies and fatty acids, which provide energy for normal cells but do not benefit cancer cells.

Answer 13

Important

Question 14

___________inhibit glycolysis, thus decreasing the main pathway of energy production for cancer cells.

Answer 14

Ketone bodies

Question 15

Antioxidants in foods

Answer 15

Vitamin C—citrus fruits, berries, green leafy vegetables
•Vitamin E—seeds oil, nuts and (plants), eggs
•Beta-carotene—orange coloured and dark-green leafy vegetables
•Selenium—grains, meats, nuts, fish
•Copper—cocoa, wheat bran, yeast
•Phytochemicals—tea, green tea, herbs, apples, onions, cocoa

Question 16

Both deficiency and excess of nutrients adversely affect the number and activity of immune cells.

Answer 16

 Protein-energy malnutrition is associated with a significant immune impairment.
 Over-nutrition and obesity also impair immunity.

Question 17

Diet for a person with decompensated liver disease would include:

Answer 17

 A limited amount of sodium.
 More carbohydrate.
 A balanced amount of protein.
 A moderate amount of fat. Fat provides calories, essential fatty acids, and fat-soluble vitamins.

Question 18

In decompensated liver disease

Answer 18

Malnutrition is due to decreased intake of food, or decreased ability to process food.

Question 19

Sodium and Decompensated Liver Disease

Answer 19

 Sodium restriction to 0.8 g of sodium/day (2 g of salt), is the cornerstone of the management for ascites.

Question 20

Carbohydrates, in the form of small frequent meals, should be the major source of calories ______for people with liver disease.

Answer 20

60-70%

Question 21

Protein in amounts of ________day is recommended in patients with chronic liver disease including cirrhosis.

Answer 21

1 to 1.5 gm/kg

Question 22

Protein-restricted diet in decompensated liver disease should provide at least____ g of protein/kg/day

Answer 22

0.6

Question 23

Food pyramid does not give specific advice about the numbers of grams to have daily of specific foods.

Answer 23

✅

Question 24

serving

Answer 24

recommended amount of food based on health and nutrition guides.

Question 25

portion

Answer 25

any amount of a certain food you choose to put on your plate.

Question 26

Grain Group

1 ounce equivalent

Answer 26

1 slice bread 28.5 g
1 pita
1/2 cup cooked rice pasta cereal
1 small potato