Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nutrition > Nutrition and life cycle > Flashcards

Nutrition and life cycle Flashcards

1
Q

اللهمّ أكرمني بجودة الحفظ وسرعة الفهم وثبات العقل والذهن والذاكرة بحق قولك: «الرَّحْمَـنُ، عَلَّمَ الْقُرْآنَ، خَلَقَ الْإِنسَانَ، عَلَّمَهُ الْبَيَانَ، الشَّمْسُ وَالْقَمَرُ بِحُسْبَانٍ».

A

آمين🧡

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nutrition before pregnancy:

A

🟡The nutritional status of a woman at the time of conception reflects her diet and life style over a number of years.
🟡Pre-pregnancy diet may affect the chances and outcome of conception.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Vitamin D deficiency in adolescence may have resulted in__________, which may result in___________.

A

pelvic malformations

obstructed labour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Body weight:
There is a high prevalence of infertility among________ and________ women, due to the presence of excess and low body fat stores respectively, which can affect ovulation.

A

obese,

underweight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q 
BMI = wt (kg) / ht (m)2
   BMI < 18.5 \_\_\_\_\_\_
BMI 18.5-24.9 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
BMI >25-29.9 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
BMI >30\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

Underweight
Normal
Overweight
Obese

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

So, women planning to become pregnant should aim to achieve a BMI within the range of_______

A

20-25.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Studies have shown that supplementing women with folic acid for________ before conception and up to the _______of pregnancy, significantly reduced the risk of neural tube defects in the fetus.

A

3 months

12th week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The embryo at conception and in the first weeks afterwards is extremely vulnerable. The majority of organs develop in the_______ weeks after conception

A

first 8
🔴🔴🔴🔴At this stage, the placenta has not yet formed, so there is no mechanism to protect the growing embryo from deficiencies or excesses in the maternal circulation🔴🔴🔴🔴

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The essential energy and nutrients of embryo are derived from the_________&_________…

A

maternal circulation and the lining of the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

all women who are planning to get pregnant are advised to increase their folate, by the daily intake of folic acid as a supplement (____mg) or by the intake food fortified with folic acid

A

0.4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Studies have concluded that extreme intake of retinol, in doses from____to_____ ug/day, is teratogenic. However,________ is not toxic.

A

7,500 to 10,000

B-carotene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Such high doses of vitA are likely to be taken regularly only in the form of_______.

A

supplements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Women who are planning to become pregnant are advised to avoid supplements with mega doses of retinol as well as excessive daily intake of liver.(____)

A

✅✅👩🏻‍⚕️

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Underweight woman who enters pregnancy with limited nutrient stores, is more likely to have a low birth-weight infant(___)

A

✅

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Overweight and obese women are at a higher risk for _______&________disorders.

A

gestational diabetes and hypertensive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Long-term consequences of low birth-weight

A

🔺Higher risk of:
🔴Coronary heart disease in later life.
🔴Higher blood pressure later in life.
🔴Type 2 diabetes in adults.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Dieting is never recommended during pregnancy, as a low energy intake during pregnancy may result in_______ which has a threat for the developing fetus.

A

ketosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The average weight gain during pregnancy is______ kg (__-__kg), which includes:

A 
12.5, 11.5- 16 
📌 Fetus 3.5 kg 
📌Increased maternal tissue 6 kg
(including uterus, breast and blood volume)
📌 Stored fats 3 kg
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

مش عارف هدول حفظ أو لأ

A

‏Dietary reference values for pregnant women
‏Nutrient
‏🟢 Energy. Increase by 300 kcal/day in
‎‏the 2nd and 3rd trimester
‏🟢 Protein. Increase by 6-11 g/day
‏🟢 Folate. 0.4 -4 mg/day up to 12th week of pregnancy as a supplement
‏🟢 Calcium. No increase needed, as GIT absorption of calcium increases
‏🟢 Vitamin D. 10 ug/day as a supplement
‏🟢 Iron. 30 mg after 4thmon.(supplement)
‏🟢 Vitamin A. Increase up to 770 μg/day

21
Q

Adaptive mechanisms during pregnancy

A

🟤An increase in food intake.
🟤 Laying down of fat stores.
🟤 A reduction in physical activity
🟤 An increase in the efficiency of nutrient utilization and absorption.

22
Q

كلي، تغزي، انتي بتآكلي عن تنين

A

❌❌

A pregnant woman doesn’t need to eat for two.

23
Q

Malnutrition in mothers can reduce quantity and quality of milk.(—-)

A

❌❌❌❌❌❌❌❌❌

Malnutrition in mothers can reduce quantity of milk but usually not quality of milk.

24
Q

The quality of milk is protected from deficiencies in the maternal diet by increased efficiency in maternal metabolism.

However, quality of milk is maintained, at the expense of the mother.

A

والله يا عسل م فيئالك🙋🏻‍♀️

25
Q

Dietary reference values for lactating mothers

بعرفش اذا حفظ

A 
⏺Energy. Increase by 500 kcal/day
⏺ Protein. Increase by 16-11 g/day
⏺ Calcium.  Increase by 550 mg/day
⏺ Vitamin D. 10 ug/day as supplement
⏺ Vitamin A.  Increase by 350 ug/day
⏺ Water.  Increase by 3-4 cups
26
Q

The average volume of milk produced in the first 3 months of lactation ranges from______ ml/day.

A

680-820

27
Q

The energy cost of producing 800 ml of milk =

A

700 kcal.

500 kcal will be taken from the diet.
The remaining 200 kcal will met from fat stores laid down during pregnancy.

28
Q

The best prescription for maximum milk production is:

A

Effective and frequent breastfeeding
Plenty of fluids,
Rest.
Adequate calories

29
Q

Food safety in pregnancy

A

Avoid raw or undercooked eggs due to salmonella risk.
 Avoid unpasteurized milk and.
 Cook meat and poultry thoroughly.
 Avoid mercury poisoning: limit tuna intake to twice a week.

30
Q

Infants
-During the first year of life, there is very rapid growth, so the infant has very high nutritional needs. After first______, growth slows ⬇️down while activity increases.⬆️ -Infant’s birth weight is doubled within____months and is trebled within the_____.

A

6 months

4- 6, first year

31
Q

Brain development occurs very rapidly in the ____months after birth
Thus infancy and early childhood are critical periods for nutrient supply to the brain

A

first

32
Q

Infants require more protein per weight than adults. The role of protein is almost to support growth.

A 
Reference nutrient intake for protein: 
Age  (g/kg)
0-3 mon   2.1
4-12 mon   1.5
1-6 yr.  1.1
33
Q

Fats should comprise______ of an infants energy intake.

A

30-50 %
Fats are important part of infants’ diet because of their energy density, as they provide a substantial amount of energy in small volume.

34
Q

Carbohydrates

Mainly in the form of_____, supplies ____of the energy in an infant’s diet.

A

lactose, 40%

35
Q

Infants need____ ml/kg to ensure that adequate hydration. This large amount of fluid is provided by____ and no additional water is required.

A

150, milk onlyyyyyyy

36
Q

Recommended supplements for infants

A

Vitamin A & D:
From birth to 12 months of age.

Iron.

37
Q

Weaning

A

Weaning means to accustom the baby to new solid foods, in order to diversify his diet from only milk to diet containing solid foods.

Weaning means introducing a range of foods gradually until the baby is eating the same foods as the rest of your family.

38
Q

The optimal age of weaning is at

A

6 months.

39
Q

Early weaning may precipitate:

A

▶️An allergic response.

▶️More respiratory illnesses during the first year of life.

40
Q

Weaning …why??

A

Weaning is required to provide certain nutrients that can no longer be supplied in sufficient amounts by milk.
 Particularly this includes energy, protein, iron, zinc, vitamin A and D.

41
Q

Weaning diet should provide a variety of different foods, to ensure that a range of nutrients is consumed.

A

Milk should remain the cornerstone of the infant’s diet, as it contains important amounts of protein, calcium, vitamins and energy.

42
Q

The infant’s stomach capacity (——)is much smaller than the adult’s stomach. So, it is very important to ensure that the foods offered contain enough energy and nutrients (energy dense nutrients).

A

200ml

43
Q

large amounts of food rich in NSP such as wholegrain cereals, should be avoided.

A

Ok

44
Q

Recommendations during weaning

A 
The infant should be supervised.
 Initially, introduce one type of food.
 Start with small amount of any food.
 Sugar and salt should not be added to foods.
 Soft-boiled eggs should be avoided.
45
Q

اللهم افتح لي أبواب حكمتك، وانشر عليّ رحمتك، وامنن عليّ بالحفظ والفهم، سبحانك لا علم لنا إلا ما علمتنا، إنّك أنت العليم الحكيم.

A

💚

46
Q

⏺The first weaning food should be cereals as rice then wheat.
⏺ Then gradually add vegetables.
⏺ After that offer fruits.
⏺ Finally add egg yolk, meat, poultry and fish.
⏺ Honey should not be given for infants.

A

—-

Nutrition (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions