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Year 1-Cardiovascular System > Nutritional Aspects of CVD > Flashcards

Nutritional Aspects of CVD Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main cause of coronary heart disease?

A

Atherosclerosis

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2
Q

What causes haemorrhagic stroke?

A

Rupture of the arterial wall due to aneurysm or wall diseas

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3
Q

Which bacteria causes rheumatic Heart Disease?

A

Streptococcal bacteria

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4
Q

LDL?

A

thankshigherandadvancedhigherhealthandfoodtech

Low density lipoprotein

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5
Q

What triggers endothelial cell dysfunction?

A

Infection
High BP

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6
Q

What does LDL oxidation trigger?

A

Recruitment of monocytes from the circulation

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7
Q

What are some of the main risk factors for coronary heart disease?

A

Diet
Obesity
Hypertension
Insulin resistant diabetes
Activity level
Smoking
Alcohol
Genetics
Infant and foetal growth

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8
Q

Which parts of diet contribute to CHD?

A

Excess energy intake and diet composition

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9
Q

List the Pro-atherogenic components of diet which can lead to CHD.

A

Cholesterol
Saturated FA
Trans FA
Sodium
Alcohol

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10
Q

List the non-atherogenic components of diet which can lead to CHD.

A

PUFA- polyunsaturated fatty acids
Carbohydrate rich diet
NSP- non starch polysaccarides, or fibre
MUFA- monounsaturated fatty acids
Antioxidant
Phytochemicals

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11
Q

What is plasma concentration influenced by?

A

By fat content and quality in the diet

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12
Q

Is HDL a risk factor for CHD?

A

Yes, but lower risk and only when there is also high LDL.

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13
Q

Where would you find saturated fatty acids?

A

Palm oil, butter

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14
Q

High levels of saturated fat increases what?

A

Cholesterol levels

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15
Q

What do saturated fatty acids act on?

A

LDL receptors causing inhibition and suppression

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16
Q

How much saturated fat should men have?

A

No more than 30g/day

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17
Q

How much saturated fat should women have?

A

No more than 20g/day

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18
Q

What % reduction is there in the risk of CHD when replacing 1% of saturated fat intake w unsaturated fat?

A

2-3%

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19
Q

What % of food energy should come from saturated fat at most?

A

11%

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20
Q

What % reduction is there in the risk of CHD when replacing 1% of trans fatty acid intake w unsaturated fat?

A

12%

21
Q

What are the current recommendations surrounding trans fatty acids?

A

No more than “% of total food energy should come from trans fatty acids

22
Q

Which foods contain trans fatty acids?

A

Highly processed foods
Some dairy products

23
Q

What do trans fatty acids do?

A

Raise LDL cholesterol and plasma triglyceride
Lower HDL

24
Q

Is sodium atherogenic?

A

No

25
Q

What affect on the heart does sodium have?

A

Influences thrombosis by it’s effect on BP

26
Q

What is the recommendations surrounding salt intake?

A

No more than 6g/person/day

27
Q

What can lower BP?

A

Reduce sodium intake and increase potassium

28
Q

How much alcohol would be enough to raise BP?

A

30 units / week

29
Q

Where would you find polyunsaturated fatty acids?

A

Sunflower oil

30
Q

What does eating polyunsaturated fatty acids do?

A

Lowers LDL but also HDL

31
Q

Which foods would you find monounsaturated fatty acids?

A

Olive oil

32
Q

What would happen if you swapped your saturated fat intake with an unsaturated fat, containing oleic acid?

A

Decrease total cholesterol and LDL

33
Q

Which two types of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can you get?

A

Marine based
Plant based

34
Q

What do the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids do?

A

Lower triglyceride levels
Minimal effects of LDL and HDL
Also have anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic properties.

35
Q

Does a high carb diet increase or decrease risks of CHD? Why?

A

Decreases
Reduces fat intake so reduces CHD

36
Q

What are the recommendations regarding free sugars?

A

No more than 5% of total food energy

37
Q

Describe the effect of NSP high diet.

A

Lowers risks of CHD
Helps reduce cholesterol levels
Benefits gut health

38
Q

What are antioxidants?

A

Antioxidants are essential components of the cellular defence against activated oxygen species

39
Q

Give some examples of antioxidants.

A

Vitamins CE
Selenium, zinc, manganese

->technically A too

40
Q

What does a high intake of vitamins C and E, fruit and veg do?

A

Lowers risk of CHD

41
Q

What is the effect of omega3 on CHD?

A

Reduces risks of CHD

42
Q

What are the recommendations for n-3 PUFA (omega 3, marine based polyunsaturated fatty acids)?

A

2 portions of fish /week
1 should be oily

43
Q

Which fish are high in omega 3?

A

Salmon, mackerel, trout

44
Q

List some whole grains :) i’m loving this lecture sm

A

Oats
Quinoa
Spelt
Barley
Brown rice
Whole wheat
Popcorn

etc.

45
Q

The more refined the flour…?

A

The less nutrients

46
Q

Why will white flour contain higher levels of iron, andthiamin and riboflavin?

A

Because it is fortified

47
Q

Which soluble fibre is found in wholegrains like wheat, oats and barely?

A

Beta glucan

48
Q

What are some other dietary components which are potentially important for cardiac health?

A

Vitamin D
Carotenoids
Phytochemicals

49
Q

How much fibre should you have per day?

A

30-40g

Year 1-Cardiovascular System (41 decks)

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