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Year 1-Cardiovascular System > An Overview of the Function of the CVS > Flashcards

An Overview of the Function of the CVS Flashcards

1
Q

What does the right side of the heart do?

A

Pumps blood into the pulmonary circulation to the lungs.

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2
Q

What happens at the lungs?

A

Gas exchange- oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out.

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3
Q

What does the left side of the heart do?

A

Pumping blood into the systemic circulation.

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4
Q

Describe diffusion in the systemic circulation.

A

Oxygen diffusing from the blood into the tissues and organs.
CO2 diffusing from the tissues and organs into the blood.

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5
Q

List the things that the CVS can transport.

A
  1. Oxygen and CO2
  2. Nutrients
  3. Heat
  4. Metabolites
  5. Hormones
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6
Q

Describe why the heart is very flexible.

A

Pump can vary output
Vessels can redirect blood
Vessels can store blood

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7
Q

Which vessels store blood?

A

Veins and venules.

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8
Q

Give an example of the heart varying output.

A

If exercising, the heart can pump more oxygen around the body.

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8
Q

Give an example of the heart varying output.

A

If exercising, the heart can pump more oxygen around the body.

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9
Q

Give an example of how the heart can redirect blood.

A

During exercise, can redirect blood to muscles and legs.

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10
Q

Why is the balance of the heart pumping mechanism of the right and left heart imporatn?

A

If there was even a slight inbalance, blood would end up in the lungs.

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11
Q

Are pumps in series or parallels?

A

Series

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12
Q

Are vascular beds in series or parallel?

A

Parallel

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13
Q

What does the vascular beds being in parallel mean?

A

They all receive blood at the same time
Also allows for the regional redirection of blood, as previously discussed, like when partaking in exercise.

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14
Q

Which vascular beds are arranged in series rather than in parallel?

A

Gut and liver

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15
Q

How much is the total cardiac output per minute?

A

5000ml (5L) / min

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16
Q

Which areas of the body is the cardiac output fairly equal the the oxygen consumption?

A

Brain, skeletal muscle, abdominal organs.

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17
Q

In which areas of the body is the cardiac output unbalanced with the oxygen consumption?

A

Skin, heart and liver.

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18
Q

Why is the cardiac output unbalanced with the oxygen consumption in the skin?

A

Due to thermoregulation as blood is sent out to the skin and heat can be lost from it.

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19
Q

Define cardiac output.

A

The volume of blood pumped by the heart

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20
Q

Why is the cardiac output unbalanced with the oxygen consumption in the kidneys?

A

More blood is sent to the kidneys so it can filter out any metabolites.

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21
Q

What does Darcy’s Law state?

A

Flow= change in pressure
——————————
Resistance

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22
Q

The pressure of the left of the heart varies.
What is this called?

A

Mean arterial pressure

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23
Q

Does mean arterial pressure increase or decrease with exercise?

A

Increases
-> This is because more oxygen is required, the heart will push more blood into your arteries, hence increasing mean arterial pressure.

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24
Q

What is the pressure in the right heart referred to as?

A

Central venous pressure.

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25
Q

How do you work out the difference in pressure?

A

Mean Arterial Pressure - Central Venous Pressure

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26
Q

What do you need to change in order to increase blood flow?

A

Resistance

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27
Q

What controls resistance?

A

Arterioles

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28
Q

Define arteries.

A

Major blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart

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29
Q

Define arterioles.

A

Vessels which can change their dimeter to control how much blood travels through the vascular beds.

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30
Q

Define capillaries.

A

Where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.

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31
Q

Define veins/venules.

A

Vessels which store blood,-> when needed, can be forced back into the right side of the heart

32
Q

Which blood vessel is the smallest?

A

Capillaries

33
Q

What is meant by capacitance?

A

Ability to store electrical charge

34
Q

What is meant by the fractional distribution of blood?

A

Proportion of blood that is in these veins and venules versus the rest of your systemic circulation.

35
Q

Which type of artery is the aorta?

A

An elastic artery

36
Q

Which type of artery are regular arteries?

A

Muscular arteries

37
Q

Which type of artery are arterioles?

A

Resistance arteries.

38
Q

Describe the wall of the aorta.

A

Thick elastic wall

39
Q

Describe the wall of arteries.

A

Strong thick, non-elastic walls

40
Q

Describe the wall of arterioles.

A

Thick contractile walls

41
Q

Describe the lumen of the aorta, arteries and arterioles.

A

Aorta and arteries= wide lumen
Arterioles= narrow lumen

42
Q

How many elastic arteries are in the body?

A

2

43
Q

Name the two elastic arteries in the body,

A

Aorta and pulmonary trunk.

44
Q

What does a wide lumen mean in terms of resistnace?

A

Low resistance

45
Q

Describe the lumen of capillaries.

A

Narrow

46
Q

Describe the lumen of venules.

A

Wide lumen

47
Q

Describe the walls of capillaries.

A

Thin

48
Q

Describe the walls of venules/veins.

A

Thin, distensible*

*able to increase in size and helps to store blood

49
Q

Why are capillaries good for gas exchange?

A

They has a high surface area to volume ratio.
Also, very thin, so gases can diffuse easily.

50
Q

Which vessels are capacitance vessels and what does this mean?

A

Veins/venules
->able to store blood

51
Q

Where does the aorta stem from?

A

Left ventricle

52
Q

Which structure separates the right and left half of the heart?

A

Septum

53
Q

Which section of the heart receive blood from systemic circulation?

A

Right atrium

54
Q

Which structure receives the blood returning from the lungs?

A

Left atrium

55
Q

What are the right and left ventricles for?

A

Pumping blood

56
Q

What happens to the blood after the left ventricle?

A

Goes into the systemic circulation via the aorta

57
Q

What structure transports the deoxygenated blood back to the right atria?

A

Vena cava

58
Q

What is the difference between the superior and inferior vena cava?

A

Superior returns blood from above the heart back to the heart,
Inferior returns blood from below the structure of the heart back to the heart.

59
Q

Where does the blood go after the right ventricle?

A

It is pumped into the pulmonary circulation.

60
Q

What does the pulmonary trunk bifurcate into?

A

Left and right pulmonary artery

61
Q

What does the right pulmonary artery do?

A

Pumps blood to right lung

62
Q

What does the left pulmonary artery do?

A

Pumps blood to the left lung.

63
Q

How does the blood return to the left atrium?

A

Via the pulmonary veins.

64
Q

How many pulmonary veins are there?

A

4

65
Q

Name the four pulmonary veins

A

Left superior pulmonary vein
Left inferior pulmonary vein
Right superior pulmonary vein
Left inferior pulmonary vein

66
Q

Name the valve between the left ventricle and aorta.

A

Aortic valve

67
Q

Name the valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk.

A

Pulmonary valve

68
Q

What happens in systole?

A

Blood is squeezed from ventricles and into the aorta.

69
Q

What happens in diastole?

A

Heart chambers fill with blood.

70
Q

Name the valve between the right atrium and ventricle.

A

Tricuspid valve

71
Q

Name the valve between the left atrium and ventricle.

A

Mitral valve

72
Q

What is the role of the tricuspid and mitral valve?

A

Prevents regurgitation of blood from the ventricle back into the atria.

73
Q

What prevents the valves from going back on themselves?

A

Chordae tendineae

74
Q

Which muscles are chordae tendineae attached to?

A

Papillary muscles

(ps yes I spelled it right)

75
Q

The valves open and close due to what?

A

Changes in poressure of the heart

76
Q

How many cusps on the tricuspid valve?

A

3

77
Q

How many cusps on the mitral valve?

A

2

78
Q

How many cusps do the aortic and pulmonary valves have?

A

3

Year 1-Cardiovascular System (41 decks)

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