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Year 1-Cardiovascular System > Arythmia's- pathophysiology, presentation and investigation > Flashcards

Arythmia's- pathophysiology, presentation and investigation Flashcards

1
Q

When may you notice someone has an arythmia?

A

On an ECG

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2
Q

What is one of the more common heart issues seen on an ECG?

A

Atrial fibrillation

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3
Q

What is atrial fibrillation?

A

Atria does not depolarise in an orderly fashion
Abnormal electrical impulses start to fire in the atria.

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4
Q

What will a patient with atrial fibrillation pulse feel like?

A

Irregularly irregular

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5
Q

What is the presentation of atrial fibrillation?

A

May be asymptomatic
But have have- palpitations, dyspnoea, chest pain, fatigue

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6
Q

What can atrial fibrillation be an indication of and why is this significant?

A

Can be a sign of an embolism which could lead to a stroke

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7
Q

What are some investigations carried out in someone with atrial fibrillation?

A

24 hr 12 lead ECG
Bloods
Echocardiogram

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8
Q

What is important to check when checking bloods of someone with atrial fibrillation?

A

Thyroid function

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9
Q

ECG=?

A

Electrocardiogram

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10
Q

In terms of control, what consideration needs to be made in patients with atrial fibrillation?

A

If you want to control the HR or the rhythm

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11
Q

What is the usual response to those with atrial fibrillation?

A

Usually control the rate

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12
Q

Which drugs can help to control heart rate?

A

Beta blockers
Calcium channel blocker

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13
Q

What may be given to patients when their HR cannot be controlled, even with drugs?

A

Pacemaker

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14
Q

Why may a patient with AF be given anticoagulants?

A

Patients with AF are at a higher risk of stroke so anticoagulants given in attempt to combat this.

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15
Q

Why should anticoagulants should only be given to patients with a higher risk of stroke?

A

If they are not at risk of stroke, anticoagulants can increase risk of bleeding

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16
Q

What is supraventricular tachycardia?

A

Abnormally fast HR arising from the atria

17
Q

What are some of the symptoms of supraventricular tachycardia?

A

Palpitations
Dyspnoea
Dizziness

18
Q

What is the prognosis like for supraventricular tachycardia?

A

Good so no treatment

19
Q

What is a catheter ablation procedure?

A

A catheter ablation involves passing thin, flexible tubes, called catheters, through the blood vessels to the heart.

20
Q

What is a catheter ablation procedure used to determine?

A

Records the heart’s electrical activity and can pinpoint where the arrhythmia is coming from.

21
Q

What as atrial flutter?

A

Large circulating wavefront going around and round the atrium, causing atria to pump rapidly

22
Q

What is the treatment recurrent atrial flutter?

A

Atrial flutter ablation

23
Q

What happens in atrial flutter ablation?

A

Procedure to create scar tissue within an upper chamber of the heart in order to block the electrical signals that cause a fluttering heartbeat

24
Q

What other treatment may be given to patients with atrial flutter and why?

A

Anticoagulants as also at increased risk of a stroke

25
Q

Which arrhythmia kills you?

A

Ventricular defibrillation

26
Q

What is ventricular tachycardia?

A

Fast HR arising from the ventricles

27
Q

What are some of the presenting symptoms for ventricular tachycardia?

A

Palpitations, CP, dyspnoea, dizziness, syncope (passing out)

28
Q

What are the routine investigations for someone with ventricular tachycardia?

A

Bloods
Echocardiogram

29
Q

What’s the common underlying cause of ventricular tachycardia?

A

Ischaemic heart disease

30
Q

Which inherited condition can cause arythymias/fast HR?

A

Long QT syndrome

31
Q

What is ICD therapy?

A

Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator therapy involves implanting a defibrillator which deliver a shock to the heart if they recognise the patient to be in ventricular defibrillation/tachycardia

32
Q

When is AV block common in everyone?

A

During sleep

33
Q

What does AV block look like on an ECG?

A

PR interval gets increasingly longer

34
Q

What would you see on an ECG in a patient with complete AV block?

A

No QRS complexes following P wave

35
Q

What is pacing?

A

Actof regulating or changing the timing or intensity of cardiac contractions

36
Q

Which patients would get pacing?

A

Patients with symptomatic profound 2nd or 3rd degree AV block

Year 1-Cardiovascular System (41 decks)

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