Nutrition & Vitamins

Question 1

Objective 1: State the world’s greatest cause of disease and death

Answer 1

Poor nutrition

Question 2

Objective 2: Differentiate the general causes of protein-energy malnutrition in developing and developed countries

Answer 2

Developing (“Third World”) countries:
- Inadequate intake of protein and/or calories

Developed (“First & Second World”):
- Inadequate intake of protein
- Increased protein loss
- Increased body requirements

Question 3

Objective 3: Discuss kwashiorkor according to:
a. The type of protein-energy deficiency present

Answer 3

a. Severe protein deficiency and adequate total calorie intake

Question 4

Objective 3: Discuss kwashiorkor according to:
b. The reason why patients have hepatomegaly and ascites

Answer 4

b. Decreased protein which causes colloid osmotic pressure abnormalities

Question 5

Objective 3: Discuss kwashiorkor according to:
c. The reason why patients do not burn fat in this disorder

Answer 5

c. No calorie deficiency

Question 6

Objective 4: Discuss marasmus according to:
a. The types of protein-energy deficiencies present

Answer 6

a. Deficient protein and calorie intake
Wasting of muscle and fat

Question 7

Objective 4: Discuss marasmus according to:
b. The reason why subcutaneous fat is markedly depleted

Answer 7

b. To liberate calories

Question 8

Objective 4: Discuss marasmus according to:
c. The reason why there is severe muscle wasting

Answer 8

c. The need for calories and amino acids

Question 9

Objective 5: List three causes of protein-energy malnutrition in the developed world and at least three
related states associated with each cause.

Answer 9

1. Increased nutrient loss
   - Malabsorption
   - Diarrhea
   - Chronic hemorrhage
2. Decreased nutrient intake
   - Alcoholism
   - Anorexia
   - Food preparation/challenged for disabled
3. Increased body requirement
   - Neoplasm
   - Infection
   - Fever