Endocrine III

Question 1

Obj. 1: Discuss the following aspects of the adrenal cortex:

a. Basic anatomy, including the names of the three layers
b. Three major hormone classes
c. Major hormone(s) produced in each of the three layers, according to the lecturer

Answer 1

a. 1. Outermost layer
2. Middle layer
3. Innermost layer

b. 1. Estrane
2. Androstane
3. Pregnane

c. Outermost layer: Aldosterone
Middle layer: Cortisol
Innermost layer: Androgens (Male sex hormones)

Question 2

Obj. 2: State the number of carbon atoms present in estrogens, androgens, and adrenal steroids

Answer 2

Estrogens (Estrane): 18-C
Androgens (Androstane): 19-C
Adrenal steroids (Pregnane): 21-C

Question 3

Obj. 3: Discuss adrenocorticosteroids according to:

c. Major site of steroid metabolism
d. Form excreted in the urine
e. Hormone which has a negative feedback effect on adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
f. Name of the principal cortisol-binding protein

Answer 3

c. Liver
d. Water-soluble
e. Cortisol
f. Transcortin/Cortisol binding globulin (CBG)

Question 4

Obj. 6: List four specific regulatory factors for aldosterone, placing them in order of importance, according to the lecturer

Answer 4

1. Increased potassium concentration
2. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
3. (Total body sodium concentration)
4. ACTH (has a minor effect unless ACTH is pathologically in excess or is
   deficient)

Question 5

Obj. 9: List three regulatory factors for the release of glucocorticoids

Answer 5

1. ACTH stimulation of hormone production
2. Normal diurnal variation
3. Stress

Question 6

Obj. 5: State the most potent glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and adrenocortical androgen

Answer 6

Mineralocorticoid: Aldosterone
Glucocorticoid: Cortisol
Androgen: