Endocrine II

Question 1

Obj. 6: List at least five physiological effects of thyroid hormones, relating these effects to the signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism.

Answer 1

1. Increased oxygen consumption
2. Increased basal metabolic rate
3. Stimulation of heart rate/contraction
4. Stimulation of protein synthesis
5. Stimulation of lipid metabolism
6. Stimulation of carbohydrate metabolism

Question 2

Obj. 20: Discuss the following aspects of estrogen:
a. Biological effects

Answer 2

1. Increases protein synthesis
2. Increases production of HDL and VLDL
3. Promotes development/maturation/function of female reproductive system
4. Accelerates linear growth (height)

Question 3

Obj. 24: Discuss the following aspects of progesterone:
c. Three clinical uses for its measurement

Answer 3

1. Detect ovulation
2. Detect ovarian tumors
3. Ascertain if there is placetal dysfunction

Question 4

Obj. 25: Discuss the following aspects hCG:
c. Four clinical uses for its measurement

Answer 4

1. Pregnancy testing
2. Prediction of spontaneous abortion
3. Detection of multiples
4. Tumor marker

Question 5

Obj. 27: Discuss the following aspects of androgens:
a. Three physiological effects

Answer 5

1. Differentiation and maturation of reproductive organs
2. Secondary sexual characteristics
3. Increased muscle mass and long bone growth

Question 6

Obj. 29: Discuss Vitamin D according to:
b. Specific effects on the intestine, kidney, and bone

Answer 6

Intestine: increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus

Bone: works with PTH to enhance bone resorption (osteoclastic activity)

Kidney: enhances renal absorption of calcium and phosphorus

Question 7

Obj. 31: Discuss calcitonin according to:
b. Specific effects on the intestine, kidney, and bone

Answer 7

Intestine: decreases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus

Bone: inhibits bone resorption (has osteoblastic activity)

Kidney: decreases renal reabsorption of calcium and phosphorus

Question 8

Discuss parathyroid hormone according to:
c. Specific effects on the intestine, kidney, and bone

Answer 8

Intestine: increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus by stimulating the renal formation of active Vit. D (Calcitriol) [Indirect action]

Bone: increases bone resorption

Kidney: enhances renal absorption of calcium
decreases renal reabsorption phosphorus