Nutrition Therapy Flashcards
In people with pre-DM, what percentage of weight loss should be attained to prevent progression to DM2?
7-10%
For pt’s with DM2 w/ overweight/obesity, lost at least __% of body weight can be beneficial; however the optimal gaol for benefit is ___% or more
5%; 15%
What should trans and saturate fats be replaced with to reduce both cholesterol and LDL?
Unsaturated fats; this also benefits CVD risk
What is the recommended sodium intake for a patient with DM2?
Same as the general public; <2300 mg/day
What is MNT?
Evidence based application of the Nutrition Care Process provided by a RDN
For persons with DM1 or DM2, what is the recommended number of encounters during the first 6 months?
3 to 6; a minimum of 1 annual MNT follow up encounter is also recommended
Clinical trials of DM MNT provided by an RDN can improve A1c by __% in DM1 and up to ___% in DM2
1.9%; 2%
What is the RDA for CHO for adults w/out DM (19 years and older)
130 g/day
What is an insulin to carb ratio?
What kind of insulin is used?
How many grams of CHO are covered or matched with 1 unit of rapid or short acting insulin
What is a typical ICR ratio for a normal weight adult?
1:10 (1 unit rapid acting insulin is expected to cover 10 g of CHO)
What is an insulin sensitivity factor (ISF)?
The estimated drop in BG expected from the administration of 1 unit of rapid or short acting insulin; related to the pt’s insulin sensitivity and body size
What is a typical ISF for a normal weight adult with DM1?
1:40 mg/dL (1 unit of rapid acting insulin expected to drop blood glucose level 40 mg/dL
What should a person on a fixed insulin regimen or insulin secretagogues do be counseled on re: diet?
Educate on CHO consistency (timing and amount)
What should a person on MDI or insulin pump be educated on re: their diet?
CHO counting using ICR
what is sucrose?
table sugar
True or false: A high GI food peaks very rapidly, and a low GI food peaks very gradually
False
What are the fiber recommendations for a patient with DM?
14 g/1000 kcals or 20-25 g (women) and 30-38 g (men)
Should fiber be subtracted from total CHO intake?
Not routinely; adjustment only practical if amount per serving of fiber is > 5 g, in which case, subtract half of the fiber grams from total CHO. Should only be used for pt’s with ICR –>not practical otherwise
How does the FDA recognize artificial sweeteners?
Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS)
True or false: Replacing intake of sugar sweetened beverages with products containing non nutritive sweetness can help with weight loss
True, as long as pt’s do not replace those calories through other sources
True or false: Evidence is lacking to support the routine use of micronutrients and other herbs/supplements for the treatment of DM
True; many micronutrients are involved in CHO and/or glucose metabolism. This info, however, if often extrapolated beyond what is supported by research findings.
When should evaluation of the effectiveness of nutrition therapy on glucose be done?
Between 6 weeks and 3 months
Individuals wishing to consume ETOH who take insulin or insulin secretagogues should be advised to do what?
Consume food with ETOH to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia; extra testing should be used to determine whether extra CHO and/or a reduction in DM meds will be needed to reduce risk of hypoglycemia during the night or next AM
True or false: There is a U shaped relationship between ETOH consumption and risk for DM
True; compared with nondrinkers, moderate drinkers have a lower risk for DM, while those who consume > 3 drinks/day have a greater risk for DM
