Healthy Eating

Question 1

Per the ADA, what are BP goals for a patient with DM?

Answer 1

<140/90 mg/dL

Question 2

Per the ADA, what are the TG goals for a patient with DM?

Answer 2

<150 mg/dL

Question 3

Per the ADA, what are the HDL goals for a pt with DM?

Answer 3

HDL cholesterol >40 (men) and >50 (women)

Question 4

Per the ADA, what are the LDL goals for a pt with DM?

Answer 4

LDL goal need to be individualized

Question 5

What are the risk factors for developing type 2 DM?

Answer 5

first degree relative with DM, habitual physical inactivity, certain ethnicities, h/o GDM, HTN, HLD, PCOS, acanthosis nigricans, h/o CVD

Question 6

What are the recommended goals for DM prevention?

Answer 6

Weight loss of 7% of body weight, Increasing physical activity to at least 150 mins/week of moderate intensity aerobic activity (such as walking)

Activity should be spread over at least 3 days per week with no more than 2 consecutive days w/o exercise. Resistance training should also be encouraged at least twice per week

Question 7

What is the primary nutrition goal for a patient with DM1

Answer 7

To integrate insulin therapy into their preferred eating routine/physical activity pattern

Question 8

Regarding diet, what should patients with DM on a fixed insulin regimen focus on?

Answer 8

Consistency in the timing and amount of their CHO intake

Question 9

Regarding diet, what should those on a MDI plan or insulin pump focus on?

Answer 9

Adjusting their insulin based on the CHO content of their meals and snacks– may benefit from using the CHO counting meal approach

Question 10

What are some tools that may be used to dx eating disorders in patient’s with DM?

Answer 10

Diabetes Eating Problem Survey and the Eating Disordered Inventory 3

Question 11

Why is person with DM and gastroparesis at risk for erratic glycemic levels?

Answer 11

As consequence of unpredictable nutrient delivery of food into the upper gut, where it is absorbed

Question 12

When might hypoglycemia happen in gastroparesis?

Answer 12

When insulin has been administered but gastric emptying did not follow

Question 13

What are some dietary recommendations that can be made to help treat gastroparesis?

Answer 13

Small, more frequent meals, more liquid calories, chewing foods well, sitting up for 1-2 hrs after meals, decreased fiber (bezoar formation), eval fat intake (fat in liquid form is often tolerated), consideration of daily MVI/mineral supplement if dietary intake is inadequate

Question 14

What are the four outcomes associated with the AADE7 behaviors?

Answer 14

Immediate-learning, knowledge, skill acquisition
Intermediate-Behavior change
Post intermediate- improved clinical indicators
Long term-improved health status

Question 15

How are portions of meat, poultry and fish measured?

Answer 15

Cooked weight; so allow shrinkage from raw

Question 16

What are some visual portion sizes ?

Answer 16

Thump tip= 1 tsp
Thumb: 2 Tbsp or 1 oz
Fist: 1 cup
Palm: = 3 oz cooked meat
Cupped handful: 1-2 oz or 1/4 cup of snack food

Question 17

In general, what is one serving of starch?

Answer 17

1/2 cup cooked cereal, grain or starcy veggie, 1/3 cup rice or pasta, 1 oz bread product (1 slice), 3/4 to 1 oz crackers or grain based snack food

Question 18

In general, 1 fruit choice is considered what?

Answer 18

1/2 cup unsweetened canned of frozen fruit, 1 small fresh fruit, 1/2 cup unsweetened fruit juice, 2 Tbsp dried fruit

Question 19

In general, what is considered 1 milk choice?

Answer 19

1 cup of milk or plain yogurt