Nutrition recommendations

Question 1

What can be answered by using nutrition recommendations and dietary surveys regarding the level about a single nutrient?

Answer 1

• high/low intake
• Daily usual intake in Sweden
• Average requirements
• Inaduquate intake vs toxic effects
• optimal intake

Question 2

What can be answered by using nutrition recommendations and dietary surveys regarding dietary food habits?

Answer 2

• Population intakes
• Common types of food pattern
• Healthy vs unhealthy food pattern

Question 3

Main updates in “new” in NNR 2012

Answer 3

Focus on dietary pattern
Type of fat of more concern than total amount. Reference interval 25-40E%
Type of carbohydrates and source more important than amount (45-60E%)
Rec. protein elderly increased
rec. vitamin D has increased for children and elderly
Rec. selenium increased adults

Question 4

Focus of NNR 2012?

Answer 4

Dietary pattern

Question 5

Partial replacement of saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat or monounsaturated fat showed what results?

Answer 5

Showed to lower fasting serum/plasma total and LDL cholesterol concentrations.
Also partial replacement of SFA with PUFA decrease risk of CVD, specially in men

Question 6

What are the four types of reference values for micronutrients?

Answer 6

RI - recommended intake
AR - average requirement
LI - Lower intake level
UL: Upper intake level

Question 7

What is RI?

Answer 7

Recommended intake
- the amount of a nutrient that meets the requirements among practically all healthy individuals (97-98%) in a particular life stage of gender group. Assume normal distrubution.

Question 8

What is AR?

Answer 8

Average Requirement

- The amount of a nutrient that meets the requirements for half (50%) of a defined group. Assume normal distribution.

Question 9

What is LI?

Answer 9

Lower intake level

- A cut-off intake value below which an intake could lead to clinical deficiency symptoms in most individuals

Question 10

What is UL?

Answer 10

Upper intake level

- The maximal level of long-term daily intake that is unlikely to pose a risk of adverse health effects in humans

Question 11

What is the RI of Vit C? And what happens at certain level of high intake?

Answer 11

75 mg

Body starts to absorb less.
Urine threshold at 80mg

Question 12

How many days does it take before get scurvy ?

Answer 12

30-40 days

Question 13

What is the role of Vitamin C?

Answer 13

It is an antioxidant

Question 14

What are the plasma levels from intake of 75 mg/d?

Answer 14

Plasma ca 40 mikromol/L - inhibition of LDLox in vitro

Question 15

What are the risks of low levels of Vit C?

Answer 15

Increased risk of morbidity and mortality

Also correlation calcer and CVD - increased risk at approximately 11-51mikromol/L

Question 16

Wha is the relationship between AR and RI?

Answer 16

AR = X
RI = X + 2 SD
(Standard deviations)

Question 17

When looking at assessments of groups, what is important to consider?

Answer 17

Distribution intake within the group.

Look at proportion % below AR

Question 18

What is used to describe a curve where distribution intake above RI?

Answer 18

Minimal probability of inadequate intake

Question 19

If 10% of group is under AR, what can you say?

Answer 19

10% of the group has a relatively high probability of inadequate intake

Question 20

What if 5% is under LI?

Answer 20

5% of the groups has very high probability of inadequate intake

Question 21

What does IGT mean?

Answer 21

Impaired glucose tolerance

Question 22

Vad visar HbA1C-prover?

Answer 22

Blodprov som visar halten av HbA1c i blodet är vanligt om du har diabetes. Då kan provet visa hur din behandling fungerar. Provet kallas ibland för långtidssocker och ger en bild av hur blodsockerhalten har varit under de senaste två till tre månaderna.

Question 23

According to Riksmaten: Most people have sufficient intake of vitamins &
minerals, but some specifically young women, have
low intake of….

Answer 23

vitamin D
iron
folate (