Metabolomics Flashcards
What is metabolomics?
Systematic study of the unique chemical fingerprints that specific cellular processes leave behind- specifically the study of their small-molecule metabolite profile
What does hypothesis generated mean?
when looking at a broader perspective – not something specific
then it is called hypothesis based
What is a metabolome?
Pool of metabolites
What is the pyramid of life?
Genomics (Human genome project) - bottom
Proteomics (human proteome project)- middle
Metabolomics (human metabolome project) - top
What is a metabolite?
Any organic molecule detectable in the body with a MW <1500 Da
Includes peptides, oligonucleotides, sugars, nucelosides,
organic acids, ketones, aldehydes, amines, amino acids,
lipids, steroids, alkaloids, foods, food additives and drugs
(xenobiotics)
Examples on methods used to get multivariate data?
NMR, LC-MS, GC-MS
What affect metabolome?
A lot of intrinsic and extrinsic factors
Why can metabolites say more about people than genes?
Not all we genes we have are active, so by having a gene can’t say that person will have a disease.
Interaction between genes and environment.
The pool of metabolite provide more information about ex. health status because interaction between genes and environment
Metabolites are far from gene and close to the function of what we are
What generates the signal in NNR?
The proton on the molecule. The higher the signal –> more of that molecule
What are four compounds high in meat eaters?
Creatine creatinine and carnitine, TMAO
Carnitine can be broken down to TMAO by gut microbiota
What can O-PLS-DA be used for?
Multivariate statistical analysis
can then make biomarker identification
Which metabolite is used to measure whole grain?
Azelaic acid
What are some structural differences between rye and wheat?
Rye: protein and starch twisted into each other
In wheat: protein and endosperm are separated from each other
What is rye factor?
refers to the lower insulin response caused by rye than, for example, wheat bread
Why could wheat have elevated level of insulin response?
Branched chain amino acids – insulin triggering in addition to glucose
wheat – more branched chain amino acids compared to rye
