nutrition over the lifespan

Question 1

describe the Long Term Nutritional Model? (LTNM)

what are the 5 different age stages and what occurs at these stages?

Answer 1

at what ages you need to eat different things and goals at different ages

1. 6-9 eat to develop
2. 8-12 learn to eat
3. 11-16 eat to grow esp. Ca & Fe (peak height/weight velocity)
4. 15-23 eat to train (energy balance)
5. 18+ eat to win

Question 2

what are the calorific requirements per pound per day of newborns, 2months-3 years, 5 years and 5 years?

Answer 2

newborn - 50 calories per pound per day

2months-3years - 40 calories per pound per day

5 years - 32

15 years - 16

Question 3

what are the relative energy needs of infants?

what is their main source of CHO?

Answer 3

need elevated vitamin D
much higher nutrient need per pound than adults (as less food)

main source of CHO = lactose from milk

Question 4

when is peak calorie intake in males and females?

Answer 4

males - 18
females - 15-16

peak height/weight velocity

Question 5

describe CHO utlisation in young children?

and intakes?

Answer 5

ability to use CHO lower as glycolytic enzymes lower

predominantly use fat as a fuel source

more simple CHO than needed e.g sugary drinks

Question 6

what does fat restriction in early childhood lead to?

what % of their diet should be fat?

Answer 6

impairs growth and development

25-30% of diet should be fat and 10% should be saturated fats

Question 7

relationship beteen calcium and peak bone mass?

what is this linked ot in later life?

Answer 7

reduced peak bone mass if deficient in calcium before aged 18 - need milk and vitamin D

linked to osteoporosis in later life

Question 8

effect of iron deficiency?

Answer 8

hinder metabolism and impairs physical performance

Question 9

describe fluoride?

Answer 9

from water

important for teeth

Question 10

which micronutrients levels should be monitored in children and adolescents?

Answer 10

calium
iron
fluoride
zinc
folate
vitamin D
vitamin K

Question 11

describe hydration in children?

Answer 11

higher body surface area to body mass ratio (at 8 50% higher than adult)

so if exercising can get rid of excess heat better BUT sweat glands less developed so difficult to sweat and get rid of heat

avoid dehydration (losing 2% of body mass through sweat) but should replace with 150x what you’ve lost

Question 12

describe supplementation in junior athletes?

Answer 12

only recommend vitamin D

Question 13

what is the relationship between anaerobic exercise and young boys?

Answer 13

lower reliance on anerobic systems as shown by lower production of lactate

Question 14

are boys or men better at using exogenous CHO and oxidating it?

Answer 14

boys - 12 better than 14 as before puberty