basic metabolism Flashcards
what are the 10 functional groups?
Aldehyde Amine Amide Acyl Carboxyl Carbonyl Disulphide Hydroxide Ketone Phosphate
what are the 13 important ions in the body?
Ammonium Bicarbonate Calcium Chloride Fluoride Hydrogen Hydroxide Iron Iodide Magnesium Phosphate Potassium Sodium
which ion is necessary for enzyme function?
magnesium
what are the names of the 4 common reactions?
- hydrolysis
- condensation
- oxidation - reduction
- energy and enzymatic
what occurs in a hydrolysis reaction?
and an example?
occurs when water is added
e.g lactose + water -> glucose + galactose
what occurs in a condensation reaction?
releases water + 2 molecules combining to form a larger one
e.g glucose + galactose -> lactose and water
what occurs in an oxidation-reduction reaction?
both oxidation and reduction occur in parallel to each other as oxidaiton is loss of electrons and reduction is gain of electrons
what occurs in an energy and enzymatic reaction?
involves enzymes as catalysts to speed up the reaction as they lower the energy barrier
enzymes can be used repeatedly as they are not consumed by the reaction
which elements make up fats, carbohydrates and ethanol?
CHO
which elements make up proteins?
CHONS
what are the 2 most common bonds within molecules and what briefly are they?
covalent - share of electrons
ionic - attraction between oppositely charged ions
what does it mean if an element has a positive or negative symbol next to it?
the charge symbolises the element in its ionic form
if they have to lose electrons when bonding, charge is positive
if they have to gain electrons when bonding, charge is negative
what is the difference between ammonium and ammonia?
ammonium is NH4+ (the ion of ammonia) and has 4 hydrogens
ammonia is NH3 and loses an electron when in a solution
what does the 6 in glucose-6-phosphate mean?
relates to the position of the phosphate
what components make up triglyceride?
esters
3 molecules of fatty acids linked to glycerol
