intensified training, nutrition & immune function

Question 1

what factors lead to a depressed immune function post exercise?

what does this mean?

Answer 1

fall in blood glucose and depleting muscle glycogen (when >90 mins)
increase in il6 (inflammation)
increase in stress hormones: adrenaline and cortisol
increase in free radicals

so at greater risk of getting an infection

Question 2

describe the overtraining training continuum?

Answer 2

fatigue - 24h recovery

overreaching - functional = 2 weeks recovery
non-functional = months recovery

overtraining = syndrome and reocervy may be up to a year

Question 3

study into effects of intensified training on immune system?

Answer 3

10-17h of training a day

following week of intensified training immune functions decreased but back to normal after recovery training

Question 4

what are 2 markers of immune function?

Answer 4

lymphocyte proliferation - replication

neutrophil oxidative burst

Question 5

studies on effect of training on SIgA?

what does it coincide with?

Answer 5

salivay iga - marker of immune cell function in saliva (should be high as lots of immune cells)

as training load increased in sailors or american footballers e.g during certain times of season, salivary IGA decreased

coincides with urti

Question 6

what is a fall in SIgA a warning sign for?

Answer 6

risk of infection if 40% fall or more 1/2 chance of getting infection

Question 7

what are CD8 T lymphocytes subdivided into?

and what are the differences between them?

Answer 7

1. naive cells - least effective at killing pathogens
2. central memory
3. effector memory
4. effector memory RA - most effective at killing pathogens

Question 8

what are 2 takes on the open window hypothesis?

Answer 8

that decreasing amount of immune cells in blood is bad

but others think want more in blood to go to other tissues to fight infection - so taking less immune cells into blood to go into tissues bad

Question 9

how to reduce risk of infection during and after intensive exercise?

Answer 9

1) avoid nutrient deficiency in e.g iron, zinc, copper
2) avoid deficiences of energy - don’t be in negative energy balance
3) taking in CHO during exercise - reduces cortisol response (taking neutrophil from bone marrow) as maintains blood glucose and prevents fall in IFN-Y

4) supplements:
* quercetin - improvement to lyphocyte function and incidents of infection much lower
* non-alcoholic beer - reduced risk of URTI infections and less increase in IL6

5) daily lactobacillus probiotic - lower incidence of URTI infections and maintain SIgA
6) have sufficient protein - not negative effect on WBCs when high intensity and maintaining uptake of immune cells into blood and tissues

Question 10

what is DALDA and the function of it?

Answer 10

way of monitoring athletes based on how they’re feeling

questionnaire