Nutrition In Pre-School Children Flashcards
What developmental milestones occur for children from 12 months old?
More confident on feet, develops balance, enjoys interacting, tries to do things independently, may have a few words, fine and gross motor skills develop.
How much weight and height do toddlers typically gain from 12-24 months?
Gain around 5lb (2.27kg) and grow about 4-5 inches (10-12 cm).
At what age are children typically half their adult height?
By 2 years.
What is a significant concern for young children regarding growth?
Vulnerability to growth faltering.
What are common physical activities for pre-school children?
Walking, climbing independently.
What is neophobia in the context of children’s eating habits?
A natural tendency in children to reject new or unfamiliar foods.
At what age can mealtimes become stressful due to food refusal?
Around 18 months.
How many exposures to a new food might a child require to accept it?
5-10 exposures.
What factors influence the development of food preferences in pre-school children?
Parental influence, feeding practices, food availability, role modeling.
What is the recommended number of drinks per day for children over 12 months?
6-8 drinks per day.
What are the energy requirements for a 4-6 year old male and female according to Public Health England?
1482 kcal/day for males
1378 kcal/day for females
What is the recommended daily protein intake for 1-3 year old children?
14.5 g/day.
What is the recommended maximum daily intake of free sugars for pre-school children?
5% of total energy intake.
True or False: Higher intake of free sugars is associated with increased dental caries.
True.
What is the average intake of fibre for children aged 18-47 months?
15 g/day.
What micronutrient intakes are often above the RNI for children?
Iron, zinc, and Vitamin A.
However:
8-11% of 18-47 month olds had intakes below LRNI
20% aged 4-5 months had intakes of zinc below LRNI. SACN, 2022
What vitamin supplementation is recommended for children at increased risk of deficiency?
Vitamin drops (Healthy Start) containing vitamin A, vitamin D, and vitamin C.
What is the recommended minimum daily serving of fruits and vegetables for pre-school children?
3 servings of fruit
2 servings of vegetables
What is a significant public health concern related to childhood nutrition?
Childhood obesity.
What is the relationship between a high energy density diet and weight gain?
High energy density diet, over time, can lead to weight gain.
What public health concern is highlighted by the National Child Measurement Programme?
Childhood obesity is a public concern.
Who is most affected by overweight and obesity in childhood?
Most deprived populations.
What percentage of children aged 5 years in Northern Ireland had tooth decay in 2013?
40%.
What percentage of children aged 5 years in England had tooth decay in 2019?
23%.
What is associated with increased dental caries in children aged 1 to 5 years?
Higher intake of free sugars.
Which carbohydrates are less important than low weight carbohydrates in affecting dental health?
More complex carbohydrates e.g. starches.
Which type of sugars are more readily fermented to acids?
Monosaccharide and disaccharide molecules (glucose and sucrose).
What is the most significant organic acid produced by plaque bacteria on sugars?
Lactic Acid.
What pH level indicates demineralisation of calcium hydroxyapatite?
Below pH 5.5.
At what pH does fluoridated enamel begin to demineralise?
pH 4.5.
What are the main problems affecting dental health?
Sugared food and drink, acidic drinks, oral hygiene.
What is recommended to avoid for dental health?
Sugared and acidic drinks.
What is advised for children’s oral hygiene?
Supervised brushing 2 times a day with fluoride toothpaste (1000ppm).
Fill in the blank: Free sugars should not exceed _____ of total dietary energy intake for children aged 2 and up.
5%.
What is a good feeding practice for pre-school children?
Regular meal and snack times.
What should be minimized to support good dental health?
Energy dense sugars, sweets, chocolate, and open access.
What is vital to support healthy growth patterns in children?
Adequate and appropriate nutrition.
What is recommended to supplement in children’s diets, particularly in winter?
Vitamin A, D, and C.
True or False: Eating together and minimizing distractions is a recommended practice for children’s feeding.
True.
What is food neophobia?
The tendency to avoid trying new and unfamiliar foods.
