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Nutrition Through The Lifecycle > Nutrition In Pre-School Children > Flashcards

Nutrition In Pre-School Children Flashcards

1
Q

What are the learning outcomes for understanding food and nutrition in pre-school children?

A

Recognise milestones, understand nutrition’s influence, identify nutritional requirements, compare current intakes with recommendations, discuss health implications.

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2
Q

What developmental milestones occur for children from 12 months old?

A

More confident on feet, develops balance, enjoys interacting, tries to do things independently, may have a few words, fine and gross motor skills develop.

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3
Q

How much weight and height do toddlers typically gain from 12-24 months?

A

Gain around 5lb (2.27kg) and grow about 4-5 inches (10-12 cm).

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4
Q

At what age are children typically half their adult height?

A

By 2 years.

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5
Q

What is a significant concern for young children regarding growth?

A

Vulnerability to growth faltering.

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6
Q

What are common physical activities for pre-school children?

A

Walking, climbing independently.

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7
Q

What is neophobia in the context of children’s eating habits?

A

A natural tendency in children to reject new or unfamiliar foods.

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8
Q

At what age can mealtimes become stressful due to food refusal?

A

Around 18 months.

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9
Q

How many exposures to a new food might a child require to accept it?

A

5-10 exposures.

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10
Q

What factors influence the development of food preferences in pre-school children?

A

Parental influence, feeding practices, food availability, role modeling.

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11
Q

What study measured the impact of early fruit and vegetable exposure on later intake?

A

Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC).

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12
Q

What defines the Reference Nutrient Intake (RNI)?

A

Daily protein and micronutrient needs.

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13
Q

What is the recommended number of drinks per day for children over 12 months?

A

6-8 drinks per day.

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14
Q

What are the energy requirements for a 4-6 year old male according to Public Health England?

A

6.2 MJ/day or 1482 kcal/day.

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15
Q

What is the recommended daily protein intake for 1-3 year old children?

A

14.5 g/day.

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16
Q

What is the recommended maximum daily intake of free sugars for pre-school children?

A

5% of total energy intake.

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17
Q

True or False: Higher intake of free sugars is associated with increased dental caries.

A

True.

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18
Q

What is the average intake of fibre for children aged 18-47 months?

A

10 g/day.

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19
Q

What micronutrient intakes are often above the RNI for children?

A

Iron, zinc, and Vitamin A.

20
Q

What vitamin supplementation is recommended for children at increased risk of deficiency?

A

Vitamin drops (Healthy Start) containing vitamin A, vitamin D, and vitamin C.

21
Q

What is the recommended minimum daily serving of fruits for pre-school children?

A

3 servings.

22
Q

Fill in the blank: The energy density of high energy foods like cakes and crisps is around _______ kcal/100g.

A

225-275 kcal/100g.

23
Q

What is a significant public health concern related to childhood nutrition?

A

Childhood obesity.

24
Q

What percentage of children aged 18-47 months had low plasma retinol concentrations indicating mild Vitamin A deficiency?

A

7%.

25
Q

What is the relationship between a high energy density diet and weight gain?

A

High energy density diet, over time, can lead to weight gain.

26
Q

What public health concern is highlighted by the National Child Measurement Programme?

A

Childhood obesity is a public concern.

27
Q

In which year are overweight and obesity rates higher according to the National Child Measurement Programme?

A

Year 6 compared to reception.

28
Q

Who is most affected by overweight and obesity in childhood?

A

Most deprived populations.

29
Q

What percentage of children aged 5 years in Northern Ireland had tooth decay in 2013?

A

40%.

30
Q

What percentage of children aged 5 years in England had tooth decay in 2019?

A

23%.

31
Q

What is associated with increased dental caries in children aged 1 to 5 years?

A

Higher intake of free sugars.

32
Q

Which carbohydrates are less important than low weight carbohydrates in affecting dental health?

A

More complex carbohydrates e.g. starches.

33
Q

Which type of sugars are more readily fermented to acids?

A

Monosaccharide and disaccharide molecules (glucose and sucrose).

34
Q

What is the most significant organic acid produced by plaque bacteria on sugars?

A

Lactic Acid.

35
Q

What does the Stephan Curve illustrate?

A

The effect that sugar has on tooth enamel.

36
Q

What pH level indicates demineralisation of calcium hydroxyapatite?

A

Below pH 5.5.

37
Q

At what pH does fluoridated enamel begin to demineralise?

A

pH 4.5.

38
Q

What are the main problems affecting dental health?

A

Sugared food and drink, acidic drinks, oral hygiene.

39
Q

What is recommended to avoid for dental health?

A

Sugared and acidic drinks.

40
Q

What is advised for children’s oral hygiene?

A

Supervised brushing 2 times a day with fluoride toothpaste (1000ppm).

41
Q

Fill in the blank: Free sugars should not exceed _____ of total dietary energy intake for children aged 2 and up.

A

5%.

42
Q

What is a good feeding practice for pre-school children?

A

Regular meal and snack times.

43
Q

What should be minimized to support good dental health?

A

Energy dense sugars, sweets, chocolate, and open access.

44
Q

What is vital to support healthy growth patterns in children?

A

Adequate and appropriate nutrition.

45
Q

What is recommended to supplement in children’s diets, particularly in winter?

A

Vitamin A, D, and C.

46
Q

True or False: Eating together and minimizing distractions is a recommended practice for children’s feeding.

A

True.

47
Q

What is food neophobia?

A

The tendency to avoid trying new and unfamiliar foods.

Nutrition Through The Lifecycle (12 decks)

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