Nutrition In Adult Population

Question 1

What is the age range during which nutritional requirements are stable?

Answer 1

19 - 65 years

Question 2

What factors influence energy requirements in adults?

Answer 2

Age, gender, level of activity, nutritional status

Question 3

What is the aim regarding body weight for adults?

Answer 3

Aim for a healthy body weight appropriate for height (BMI)

Question 4

What key nutrients should adults aim to maintain good nutritional status?

Answer 4

Iron, calcium, Vitamin D

Question 5

What physiological changes occur in adults related to age?

Answer 5

Changes relate to reproduction and age, such as menopause.

Question 6

What was the leading cause of death for females aged 50-64 in 2008?

Answer 6

Breast cancer

Question 7

What is avoidable mortality?

Answer 7

Deaths from causes considered avoidable, treatable, or preventable with timely healthcare.

Question 8

What percentage of total deaths in Great Britain were avoidable in 2020?

Answer 8

22.8%

Question 9

Which UK country had the highest avoidable mortality rates in 2020?

Answer 9

Scotland

Question 10

How common is obesity globally according to WHO 2024?

Answer 10

Worldwide adult obesity has doubled since 1990.

Question 11

What health risks are associated with obesity?

Answer 11

• Musculoskeletal problems
• Circulatory system issues
• Metabolic and endocrine problems
• Higher risk of certain cancers
• Reproductive and urological problems
• Respiratory problems
• Gastrointestinal and liver disease
• Psychological and social problems
• Increased risk of mortality

Question 12

What are the genetic risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

Answer 12

• Gender
• Familial history
• Ethnicity

Question 13

What are the physiological risk factors for CVD?

Answer 13

• Hypertension
• Dyslipidaemia
• Obesity
• Hyperglycaemia & diabetes
• Oxidisability of LDL
• High levels of homocysteine
• High levels of C-reactive protein

Question 14

What dietary factors are protective against breast cancer?

Answer 14

• Non-starchy vegetables
• Fruits
• Dietary fibre
• Wholegrains
• Coffee
• Dairy products and calcium
• Physical activity

Question 15

What should adults aim for regarding fruit and vegetable consumption?

Answer 15

At least 5 portions (400g) of a variety of non-starchy vegetables and fruits every day

Question 16

What is the average fibre intake for adults aged 19-64 years in the UK?

Answer 16

19.4g/day

Question 17

True or False: The average intake of most vitamins and minerals in the UK is below the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI).

Answer 17

False

Question 18

What is the recommended daily intake of calcium for adults?

Answer 18

Aim for a healthy nutrient-rich diet, including calcium. 700mg

Question 19

What impact does menopause have on dietary needs?

Answer 19

Minimize excess weight gain, focus on calcium, Vitamin D, physical activity, and iron.

Question 20

What percentage of adults in Scotland eat 5 portions of fruit and vegetables per day?

Answer 20

22% of males and 23% of females

Question 21

What is the primary focus of the Dietary Quality Index?

Answer 21

To assess the nutritional quality of the diet.

Question 22

What physiological factor affects adults’ diet planning after age 35?

Answer 22

Bone calcium starts to decrease after the age of 35, which can result in osteoporosis.

Adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D is important to mitigate this risk.

Question 23

What are common external influences that impact adults’ nutrition?

Answer 23

Time constraints, income, and location.

These factors can affect cooking time, food affordability, and access to grocery stores.

Question 24

What is the recommended daily intake of fiber for adults?

Answer 24

30g per day.

Insufficient fiber intake can lead to health issues and is important for gut health.

Question 25

What are the consequences of consuming too many high fat, high sugar foods?

Answer 25

Obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.

This dietary pattern is prevalent among most adults according to NDNS.

Question 26

What dietary factors can help decrease cancer risk?

Answer 26

High intake of non-starchy vegetables, fruit, and dietary fiber.

Regular physical activity also contributes to cancer risk reduction.

Question 27

What are some risk factors for cancer?

Answer 27

• Being overweight or obese
• Eating a lot of red and processed meats
• Drinking alcohol
• Smoking
• Menopause

These factors can increase the likelihood of developing cancer.

Question 28

At what age does menopause typically occur?

Answer 28

Between the ages of 45-55.

Menopause leads to various symptoms due to lower hormone levels.

Question 29

What is the recommended daily intake of calcium for bone health?

Answer 29

700mg per day.

Adequate calcium intake is crucial to reduce the risk of osteoporosis.

Question 30

What are good dietary sources of calcium?

Answer 30

• Dairy products (milk, cheese)
• Green leafy vegetables (broccoli, cabbage)
• Soya beans
• Tofu

Spinach is not recommended due to oxalates which hinder calcium absorption.

Question 31

What vitamin is essential for calcium absorption?

Answer 31

Vitamin D.

Vitamin D supplements are particularly important in the UK due to limited sunlight.

Question 32

What foods are rich in vitamin D?

Answer 32

• Oily fish (salmon)
• Egg yolk
• Mushrooms
• Fortified foods (yogurt drinks)

Including these in the diet can help meet vitamin D requirements.

Question 33

What are the potential effects of caffeine and alcohol on menopausal symptoms?

Answer 33

They can make hot flushes worse.

It is advised to limit caffeine to no more than 400mg per day and alcohol to no more than 14 units a week.

Question 34

What role does magnesium play in bone health?

Answer 34

It helps support bone structure.

A diet rich in magnesium contributes to overall bone health.

Question 35

What are good sources of magnesium?

Answer 35

• Spinach
• Nuts
• Wholemeal bread

Including these foods in the diet can help ensure adequate magnesium intake.

Question 36

True or False: Most adults meet the five-a-day target for fruit and vegetables.

Answer 36

False.

Most adults are not meeting this target, leading to potential micronutrient deficiencies.