Nutrition In Adult Population Flashcards
What is the age range during which nutritional requirements are stable?
19 - 65 years
What factors influence energy requirements in adults?
Age, gender, level of activity, nutritional status
What is the aim regarding body weight for adults?
Aim for a healthy body weight appropriate for height (BMI)
What key nutrients should adults aim to maintain good nutritional status?
Iron, calcium, Vitamin D
What physiological changes occur in adults related to age?
Changes relate to reproduction and age, such as menopause.
What was the leading cause of death for females aged 50-64 in 2008?
Breast cancer
What is avoidable mortality?
Deaths from causes considered avoidable, treatable, or preventable with timely healthcare.
Which UK country had the highest avoidable mortality rates in 2020?
Scotland
How common is obesity globally according to WHO 2024?
Worldwide adult obesity has doubled since 1990.
What health risks are associated with obesity?
- Musculoskeletal problems
- Circulatory system issues
- Metabolic and endocrine problems
- Higher risk of certain cancers
- Reproductive and urological problems
- Respiratory problems
- Gastrointestinal and liver disease
- Psychological and social problems
- Increased risk of mortality
What are the genetic risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD)?
- Gender
- Familial history
- Ethnicity
What are the physiological risk factors for CVD?
- Hypertension
- Dyslipidaemia
- Obesity
- Hyperglycaemia & diabetes
- Oxidisability of LDL
- High levels of homocysteine
- High levels of C-reactive protein
What dietary factors are protective against breast cancer?
- Non-starchy vegetables
- Fruits
- Dietary fibre
- Wholegrains
- Coffee
- Dairy products and calcium
- Physical activity
What should adults aim for regarding fruit and vegetable consumption?
At least 5 portions (400g) of a variety of non-starchy vegetables and fruits every day
What is the average fibre intake for adults aged 19-64 years in the UK?
19.4g/day
True or False: The average intake of most vitamins and minerals in the UK is below the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI).
False
What is the recommended daily intake of calcium for adults?
Aim for a healthy nutrient-rich diet, including calcium. 700mg
What impact does menopause have on dietary needs?
Minimize excess weight gain, focus on calcium, Vitamin D, physical activity, and iron.
What percentage of adults in Scotland eat 5 portions of fruit and vegetables per day?
22% of males and 23% of females
What is the primary focus of the Dietary Quality Index?
To assess the nutritional quality of the diet.
What physiological factor affects adults’ diet planning after age 35?
Bone calcium starts to decrease after the age of 35, which can result in osteoporosis.
Adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D is important to mitigate this risk.
What are common external influences that impact adults’ nutrition?
Time constraints, income, and location.
These factors can affect cooking time, food affordability, and access to grocery stores.
What is the recommended daily intake of fiber for adults?
30g per day.
Insufficient fiber intake can lead to health issues and is important for gut health.
What are the consequences of consuming too many high fat, high sugar foods?
Obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
This dietary pattern is prevalent among most adults according to NDNS.
