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HUEC 2112-Lifecycle > Nutrition for the toddler and preschool years- FINAL EXAM > Flashcards

Nutrition for the toddler and preschool years- FINAL EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

Toddlers: children between _ and __ years.

Rapid increase in gross and fine __ ___.

A

1 and 3

motor skills

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2
Q

Preschool age – children between __ and __ years.

A

3 and 5

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3
Q 
Preschool Age:
Increasing \_\_\_(you aren't the boss of me)
broader \_\_\_ \_\_\_\_. 
Increasing \_\_\_ \_\_\_. 
Expanding \_\_\_-\_\_\_.
A

autonomy
social circumstances
language skills
self-control

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4
Q

Children have an innate ability to self-regulate ___ __ if the foods offered are nutritious whole foods.

A

food intake

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5
Q

Parents and caretakers need to provide children ___ ___.

A

nutritious foods

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6
Q

Let child decide:
___ ….within some guidelines
___ ___…within some guidelines

A

what

how much

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7
Q

Parents and caretakers still influence:
appropriate ___
__ ___
other __ ___ and ___ formed during the toddler and preschool years.

These lessons are mainly transferred by ____.

A

eating
physical activity
health behaviors, habits

example

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8
Q

Regular monitoring of ___ and ___ is the best means of assessing whether food intake is adequate.

Pediatrician ___ visits are very important

A

weight, height

wellness

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9
Q

Common Nutrition Problems:
___-___
___ ___
____

A

iron-deficiency
dental carriers
obesity

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10
Q 
Requirements for children: 
Protein \_\_/kg
Vitamin D \_\_/kg
Calcium (mg) \_\_/kg
phosphorous(mg) \_\_/kg
Iron(mg) \_\_/kg
Iodide(ug) \_\_/kg
A

1.2
0.4
38
35
0.5
6.9

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11
Q 
Pre-school Years:
Period of \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_. 
Increasing skill in \_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_. 
Development of individual \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_. 
Increased \_\_\_ \_\_\_. 
Control of \_\_ \_\_\_. 
Increasing \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_.
A 
slower growth
eating and feeding
food preferences
physical activity
body functions
social interaction
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12
Q

Physical Growth:
Growth rate ____. Increasing percentage of ___ ___.
Brain continues to ___.
___ growth

A

decreases
muscle mass
grow
bone

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13
Q 
Physical Growth:
Wide range nutrient requirements due to differences in:
Body \_\_\_
Body \_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_ rates
\_\_\_\_ patterns
A

size
composition
growth
activity

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14
Q

Energy Determined by:
___ ___
___ of ___
_____

A

basal metabolism
rate, growth
activity

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15
Q 
Protein-Requirement based on:
\_\_\_\_
Changes in \_\_\_ \_\_\_. 
Synthesis of new \_\_\_\_. 
Adequate protein can be obtained from a \_\_\_\_ diet
A

Maintenance
body composition
tissue
vegetarian

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16
Q

Protein content of body ____.

__% at 1 year to __-__% at ~ 4 years

A

increases
15%
18-19%

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17
Q

Fiber:

___ + __ grams used to be the rule of thumb…compare to __ g/___kcal

A

age, 5,
14
1000

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18
Q 
Calcium:
Necessary for \_\_\_ \_\_\_ and \_\_\_. 
Intake decreased in \_\_\_ \_\_\_ years.
Absorption \_\_-\_\_%
\_\_\_ and \_\_\_ \_\_\_ primary sources.
A 
bone growth and mineralization
pre school
30-60
milk
dairy products
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19
Q

Calcium:
Inadequate intakes could result in:
___ growth rates
Inadequate ____.

A

slow

mineralization

20
Q

Iron:
Most ___ deficiency in most countries
__ ___ children vulnerable

A

common

pre-school

21
Q

Iron deficiency causes:
Impaired ___ and ___ development
Decreased resistance to ____.

A

mental
physical
infection

22
Q

Prevention of ___ an important goal in children.

Strategies include:
Using ground meats for ____ ___.
__ ___ with non-heme iron
Reducing or avoiding excessive ___, ___ and ___.

A

anemia
heme iron
Vit. C
fiber, tea, antacids

23
Q

Zinc:
required for ___.

Consequences of deficiency include:
Growth \_\_\_
Reduced \_\_\_
Impaired \_\_\_ \_\_\_
Impaired \_\_\_\_
A 
growth
retardation
appetite
wound healing
immunity
24
Q

Meat and seafood are good sources of ___ ___.

A

bioavailable zinc

25
Q

Absorption of zinc affected by:
Amount in ___.
___ content of diet

A

diet, fiber

26
Q

Vitamins:
Requirements based on ___ and ___ intake.
___ could provide most vitamins.

A

protein, energy

diet

27
Q 
Vitamins: 
Supplement recommended for 
Children avoiding \_\_\_ ( D, B2 )
Children on \_\_\_ \_\_\_ (folate)
Children with low intakes of fruits and vegetables (\_\_ and \_\_)
\_\_ or \_\_\_ children
\_\_\_\_
Chronic \_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_
Diets for \_\_\_
Limited \_\_\_ \_\_\_
Frequent \_\_\_
A 
milk
goats milk
A and C
deprived neglected
anorexia
diseases
vegans
obesity
food acceptance
illness
28
Q 
Normal food behavior at age 2-5:
\_\_\_ in food
Changes in \_\_\_ and \_\_\_. 
Food \_\_\_\_
Erratic \_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_preferences

Pre school children find ____ foods easier to chew
___ and ____ increase in popularity

A 
Disinterest
likes and dislikes
rituals
appetite
Strong 
carbohydrate
Yogurt and cheese
29
Q 
Normal food behavior 2-5:
Factors that affect food choices include: 
\_\_\_ Acceptance
\_\_\_/\_\_\_ influences
\_\_\_\_
A

Food
Parent/caregiver

TV

30
Q

5-7 Year olds:

Frequency of eating not related to ____, unless very low or high.
Children need ___ snacks
Limit excessive ___, ____, and ___ ___.
Many pre-school children in day care ~ __ hours
Focus on average intakes over ___, not on ___ intake

A 
nutrition
nutritious
sweets, juices, soft drinks
8
weeks
daily
31
Q

Prevention Plus:
Limit ___ ___ beverages
Encourage __ and ___
Limit __ and other

A 
sugar sweetened
fruits and veg
TV 2
breakfast
restaurants
Portion
Calcium
Fiber
DRI
60
limit
32
Q

SWM:

A

Structured weight management

33
Q

SWM:

Requires more \_\_\_ follow up
\_\_\_ plan
Screen time: <_hour
\_\_\_\_ activity for \_\_\_ minutes
\_\_\_\_ follow-up
A 
frequent
Diet
1
Supervised, 60
Monthly
34
Q

CMI-

A

comprehensive multidisciplinary intervention

35
Q

CMI:

___ intense
More ___ involved
Weekly visits for __-__weeks
__ term diet with reduced ___ (involves small kcal reduction, increased activity)
NO MORE THAN __ pound of weight lost in a ____!!!!
____ training, looking at the ___ environment

A 
more
professionals
8-12 
Short
kilocalories
1
month
Parental
home
36
Q

Tertiary Care Intervention-

Only for ____, not for ___ or ____.

A

adolescentstoddler or pre-schooler

37
Q 
Uniquely positioned to have an impact on the obesity epidemic:
\_\_\_ \_\_
\_\_\_
\_\_\_ \_\_\_ \_\_\_
\_\_\_\_
A

Head Start
WIC
School Lunch Programs
SNAP

38
Q

vegan and macrobiotic diet children tend to have lower ___ ___ but remain within normal ranges

A

growth rates

39
Q

Energy - Determined by
___
___ of ___
____

A

REE
Rate, growth
activity

40
Q

Protein-Requirement based on
_____
Changes in ___ ____
Synthesis of new ___

A

Maintenance
body composition
tissue

41
Q

Protein content of body ____:
___% at 1 year
__-___% at ~ 4 years

A

increases
15
18-19

42
Q

Iron:
Most ____ deficiency in north America
___ ___ children vulnerable: rapid growth makes them one of the most at-risk groups
Prevention of ___ an important goal in children

A

common
Pre school
anemia

43
Q

Iron deficiency causes:
Impaired ___ and ____development
Decreased resistance to ___

A

mental and physical

infection

44
Q

Malnutrition-old theory:

____ > ___ ____> delayed ___ development

A

malnutrition, brain damage, mental

45
Q

Malnutrition hinders ____ abilities in a maze of interacting routes: ___ damage, overall ____, ___ level, rate of ___ development, rate of ____.

A 
cognitive
brain
health
energy
motor
growth
46
Q

Malnutrition:
Low____status

Impoverished children are at risk for:
____ impairment

A

economic

cognitive

47
Q

___ ___ could be a legitimate force in propelling children who are already at a disadvantage early in life onto the right path.

A

Head Start

HUEC 2112-Lifecycle (11 decks)

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