Infant Nutrient Needs- FINAL EXAM

Question 1

Nutrient Needs on Infant:
Requirement/kg greater than ___.
Based on: Nutrient content of ___ ___.

Answer 1

adults

human milk

Question 2

Guidelines include:

__-___ observed to be adequate.

Answer 2

AI – levels

Question 3

Best indicators of adequate energy are: ___ and ___ ____.

Answer 3

Growth

Weight gain

Question 4

Protein: ___ g/kg

Answer 4

2.2

Question 5

___ AA essential in the diets of full term infants.

Answer 5

9

Question 6

Fat:

Supplies __-___% of energy for newborns.

Answer 6

40-50

Question 7

Fat:

Energy from fat spares ___.

Answer 7

protein

Question 8

___ ___ and ____ similar in fat content (55 vs __-___% of energy)

Answer 8

human milk, formula, 55 vs 45-50%

Question 9

Energy from fat drops at ___.

Answer 9

weaning

Question 10

Energy from fat increases with ___ ___.

Answer 10

table foods

Question 11

Growth failure with ___ ___.

Answer 11

inadequate fat

Question 12

Fat source should supply ___.

Answer 12

EFA-essential fatty acids

Question 13

EFA’s are required for ___ and ___ ___.

Answer 13

growth, neurological development

Question 14

EFA for humans include:
Linoleic acid (\_\_ carbon _-_ PUFA)
Linolenic acid (\_\_ carbon _-_ PUFA)

Answer 14

18, n-6

18 n-3

Question 15

___% energy should be from EFA (5% in human, 1% in cow’s milk)

Answer 15

2.7%,

Question 16

___ carbon EFAs elongated to longer chain EFA

Answer 16

18

Question 17

Long chain EFAs essential for ___ ___.

Answer 17

normal development

Question 18

Ability to elongate EFAs limited in __. Especially in ___ ___.

Answer 18

infants, premature infants

Question 19

___ ___ provides long chain EFAs.

Answer 19

human milk

Question 20

Water:

Infants have ____ requirements/kg than adults

Answer 20

greater

Question 21

Infants vulnerable to water imbalance due to:
A large percentage of ___ ___ ___.
An ____ kidney.

Answer 21

extra cellular water

immature

Question 22

Water requirements determined by:
Water loss from ___, ___, and ____.
Water required for ___.
Potential__ ___ load

Answer 22

skin, urine, feces
growth
renal solute

Question 23

Estimated requirement of water is ___ml/kcal.

Answer 23

1.5

Question 24

Breast or formula fed infants need no additional ____.

Answer 24

water

Question 25

Water ____ can occur.

Answer 25

intoxication

Question 26

Water requirement for infants is highest at ___ months.

Answer 26

3

Question 27

``` Healthy infants do not need_____ except ___ ___ if exclusively breast fed. Some think ____. ___ ___? ___ if mother is anemic. ```

Answer 27

``` supplements Vitamin D fluoride Vitamin C? iron ```

Question 28

Fat soluble vitamins: Vitamin A: ____ not a problem in the U.S. ___ is a good source Supplementation recommended for _____ or ___ infants.

Answer 28

deficiency milk premature LBW

Question 29

Fat soluble vitamins: Vitamin D: Requirement determined by ___ ___. ___ ___ infants need a supplement. Required for __ ____.

Answer 29

sun exposure breast fed bone mineralization

Question 30

Fat soluble vitamins: Vitamin E Requirement based on ____ intake (the more ___, the ___ E needed. Infant recommendation based on _% energy from ___.

Answer 30

PUFA, PUFA, more 6% PUFA

Question 31

Fat soluble vitamins: ``` Vitamin K Required for: Coagulation of __. Other _____ processes. All infants receive an intramuscular dose at ___. ```

Answer 31

blood physiological birth

Question 32

Calcium and Phosphorous: | Recommendations based on ___ ___ content.

Answer 32

human milk

Question 33

Absorption of calcium is: ___% from human milk ___% from formula

Answer 33

61% | 38%

Question 34

Iron: ___ sources for infants. ___ ___ and ___ ___.

Answer 34

two Prenatal reserves Food sources

Question 35

``` Availability of the iron depends on source: Human milk __-__% Human milk + cereals ___% Iron fortified formula ____% Cow’s milk ____% Infant cereals __-__% ```

Answer 35

``` 48-50% 20% 6% 10% 4-5% ```

Question 36

Iron deficiency in U.S. infants has declined due to: Increased ___ ___ and Use of ___ ___ formula.

Answer 36

breast feeding | iron fortified

Question 37

Iron deficiency will have ___ ___.

Answer 37

developmental consequences

Question 38

____ and rapidly ___ infants at risk for iron deficiency.

Answer 38

Premature, growing

Question 39

Iron: | Supplement required by ___-____ infants after __-__ months.

Answer 39

breast-fed | 5-6

Question 40

Fluoride: Essential in preventing ___. ___ ___ is low in fluoride.

Answer 40

caries | breast milk

Question 41

Supplement of fluoride could be recommended for: ___ ___ infants Infants in __ ___ areas.

Answer 41

Breast fed | non fluoridated

Question 42

Excess fluoride can have ____ ____.

Answer 42

adverse consequences

Question 43

Fluoride: | Supplementation depends on concentration in ___ ____.

Answer 43

water supply

Question 44

Failure to Thrive: ___ still today. No ____ problems. Signs of ____ and ____ can appear.

Answer 44

puzzling previous dehydration and starvation

Question 45

``` Failure to thrive: Major cause is ___ or inappropriate ___. Regular ____ of infant important ___ ___ and __ ___ should be evaluated. ____ or ___ ___ could be started. ```

Answer 45

``` weak. suckling evaluation let down milk supply bottle supplemental feeding ```