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HUEC 2112-Lifecycle > Infancy-growth and maturation- FINAL EXAM > Flashcards

Infancy-growth and maturation- FINAL EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

The period of most rapid growth is?

A

0-12 months

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2
Q

During 0-12 months, weight ____ and height increases by __%.

A

triples, 50%.

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3
Q

During 0-12 months, ___ ___ is recorded on charts which includes ___, ___, and ___ ___.

A

growth velocity. height, weight, and head circumference.

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4
Q

U.S. infant mortality rates are ___.

A

high

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5
Q

What is the major factor contributing to high infant mortality rates in the U.S.?

A

prevalence of low birth weight

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6
Q 
Reducing infant mortality rate affected by:
\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_ factors
Access to \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ rates
High \_\_\_\_ and LBW \_\_\_\_
A

Social and economic factors
Access to health care
Teenage pregnancy rates
High preterm and LBW births

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7
Q 
Changes in body composition include: 
\_\_\_\_\_ in percent body water
\_\_\_\_\_\_ in percent lean body mass
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in percent body fat
Also,Changes in \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_.
A

decrease, increases, increases

body proposition

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8
Q

Infants with special dietary needs includes: (List 7)

A
  1. Full term infant
  2. Pre term and LBW infants are at higher risk
  3. Pre term infant
  4. Small for gestational age (SGA)
  5. Disproportionately small for gestational age (dSGA)
  6. Proportionately small for gestational age (pSGA)
  7. Infants born with inborn errors of metabolism
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9
Q

Full term infants are born: __-___ weeks of __.

A

Born 37–42 weeks of gestation

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10
Q

Pre term infants are born: _____ weeks of gestation.

A

<37

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11
Q

Small for gestational age (SGA): weight is ____ ___ for that age.

A

<10

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12
Q

Disproportionately small for gestational age (dSGA):
weight is _____ percentile for that age and
_____ normal and ____ ____ normal.

A

<10, length, head circumference.

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13
Q

Proportionately small for gestational age (pSGA):

____, ____, and ____ ____ < normal.

A

weight, length, head circumference

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14
Q

Infants born with inborn errors of metabolism:

Immediate dietary intervention will prevent ___ ___.

A

brain damage

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15
Q

Low birth weight: Less than ___grams or __ ___ _ ___. Regardless of ___ ___.

A

2500, 5 pounds, 8 ounces. gestational age.

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16
Q

SGA and LBW are not _____.

A

synonymous,

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17
Q

__ ___ diagnosis of SGA is key. It is Diagnosed by measuring the mother’s ___ with the fundal ___ being less than it should be for that stage of the pregnancy.

If it is suspected, the mother will usually be sent for an _____ to confirm.

A

pre natal. uterus, height,

ultrasound

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18
Q

Many infants are just constitutionally ____.

Important to identify SGA associated with ____ (___ ___ ___).

A

small, IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction

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19
Q

IUGR are Infants who are ____ than they are ____ programmed to be

A

smaller, genetically

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20
Q

What is proportionality?

A

The correspondence between birth weight and head circumference percentiles

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21
Q

Proportionality is a ___ and ___-____ method to identify babies who are at higher risk of adverse outcomes.

A

simple, non-invasive,

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22
Q

Neonatal mortality and morbidity of babies who weighed less than the 5th to 10th percentile for gestational age are often categorized based on the type of ____ ____ ____.

This helps with the ___-___ prognosis after birth

A

intrauterine growth retardation

short-term

23
Q

What’s the “morbidity and mortality” difference between dSGA and pSGA?

A

Babies with both a birth weight and head circumference below the 10th percentile (pSGA) are at greater risk of mortality than those with a head circumference above the 5th-10th percentile but weight below the10th percentile (dSGA)

24
Q

What is morbidity?

A

Morbidity defined by conditions like birth asphyxia, respiratory distress, neurological impairment and neonatal infection…conditions likely to lead to death.

25
Q

Morbidity is higher in those ___ ___ ___ (__) who were delivered at term.

A

proportionately small babies (pSGA)

26
Q

Pulmonary or cardiac defect: High ___/ low ____. Add ___ to get __kcal/ounce

A

kcal, volume, MCT, 28

27
Q

LES: Add ____ to reduce ____ or help with ____.

A

thickness, vomiting, swallowing

28
Q

PKU: Specially formulated to contain balance of ___ ____ without ___ (but with ___)

A

amino acids, Phe, Tyr

29
Q

MSUD (Maple Syrup Urine Disease)

Remove __ ____, ____ and ____.

A

AA leucine, isoleucine, valine

30
Q

Some infants can’t handle certain ____ ____ but some can’t digest ____ at all. Formula is ____.

A

amino acids, food, predigested

31
Q

pSGA do better if ___ ___. They experienced ___ ____ throughout development.
They have lower # of cells in ___ and ____.

A

breast fed, poor nutrition, organs, tissues

32
Q

dSGA have increased risk of ___ ____.

A

chronic disease,

33
Q

dSGA- More likely to have ___trimester growth restriction. Their organs are ___ but have normal ___ #s.

A

3rd, small, cell

34
Q

These do to the best: ____ and ____.

A

AGA, LGA

35
Q

These do the best-AGA: Between ___ and ____ % (wt, length, head circumference)
Just ___ but not necessarily okay…right?

A

10th, 90th, right.

36
Q 
These do the best-LGA: 
>\_\_\_  %
>\_\_\_\_ g
Do \_\_\_ 
but not when born to mothers with \_\_\_\_ or \_\_\_\_ diabetes
Shoulder \_\_\_\_
\_\_-\_\_\_.
A 
90th, 
4500, 
well
undiagnosed  
uncontrolled
dystocia 
C-section
37
Q 
Infant Nutrition: 
Nutrition influences \_\_\_\_. 
Both \_\_\_ and \_\_\_ nutrition harmful
\_\_\_-\_\_\_ months critical for brain growth
The stage of \_\_\_\_ determines diet
A

growth
under, over
1st-6th
maturation

38
Q

Infant nutrition:
Nutritional status assessed by ___.
___ ____ required for growth

A

growth,

substantial energy

39
Q

Growth after birth determined by:
_____ (no control)
_____ (inform to increase control)
_____ (inform to increase control)

A

genetics, diet, environment

40
Q

Psychosocial Development influenced by:

\_\_\_\_ response to \_\_\_
\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ during feeding
Development of \_\_\_
Propping a bottle is not \_\_\_ and hinders \_\_\_\_. 
Early behavior governed by \_\_\_.
A 
parents, hunger
physical contact
trust
safe, development
reflexes
41
Q

Newborns have an immature ____ system

A

digestive

42
Q

Development of digestion and absorption influenced by:
____ factors
____: the digestive tract is an endocrine organ
____
_____

A

growth,
hormones
enzymes
Immunoglobulins

43
Q

Digestion in infancy:

Term infants can digest and absorb nutrients from a ___ ____ i.e. mammalian milk

A

suitable source

44
Q

Digestive capacity increases in the ___ year.
Stomach capacity __-___ mls at birth (1/3 ounce or about a teaspoon or two.
It is ___mls at 1year

A

1st,
10-12
200

45
Q

Some VLBW infants get ___.

A

NEC, necrotizing entero­colitis (NEC)

46
Q

The infant has an immature ___.

A

kidney

47
Q

The functional development of the nephron is not complete until: ___ month

A

first

48
Q

Mature proportion of the kidney tubules reached at _ months.

A

5

49
Q

The pituitary gland produces limited ___ (fluid balance)

A

ADH

50
Q

Capacity to reduce or concentrate ___ is limited.

A

URINE

51
Q 
Fluid Balance:
Maintenance of \_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_ balance is limited.
Increased risk of \_\_\_\_. 
Not a problem except when:
\_\_\_\_ is prepared incorrectly
Increased \_\_\_ \_\_\_ (vomiting, diarrhea)
\_\_\_\_
A 
water, electrolyte, 
dehydration
formula
fluid loss
fever.
52
Q

The infant kidney can handle a renal solute load of ___-___ mOs/liter.
____ is much lower (280 – 310 mOs/liter)

A

900 – 1100

goal

53
Q 
Potential renal solute loads vary:
Human milk 			\_\_
Cow’s milk formula		\_\_
Soy based formula		\_\_
Cow’s milk			\_\_- getting high
A

93,
135
165
308-getting high

54
Q

What is mOS?

A

It is a measure of particles in the solution

Nitrogen (urea) and electrolytes (Na+, K+,

HUEC 2112-Lifecycle (11 decks)

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