Nutrition Final Flashcards
Prions are also known as?
TSE (Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies)
What is the normal form of prion called?
PrP c (Cellular)
What is the infectious form of prions?
PrP sc (scrapie)
PrP sc interacts with PrP c and changes to what?
PrP sc
Which prion disease affects sheep?
Scrapie
What are the other names for Scrapie?
Cuddy trot (Scotland)
Rubbers or the googles (England)
Le treblante or the trembles (France)
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) aka:
Mad cow disease
What causes abnormal motor nerve control an aggressiveness?
BSE
Prion disease seen in mule deer, elk, white and black tailed deer
CWD (Chronic Wasting Disease)
What sheep breed are more prone to Scrapie?
Black face sheep
How is scrapie passed?
Ewe to offspring
Disease spread by force feeding infected cadavers, inferior quality meat, and slaughterhouse scraps.
BSE
Heating prions to ____ renders them inactive
130 degrees C
PrP CWD live in environment for ____ years
2 years
How is TME transmitted?
eating contaminated feed
How is FSE transmitted?
Eating BSE contaminated meat
When prions form together they form large aggregates called _____
Amyloid
Where do prions typically kill and damage brain cells?
Cerebellum or cerebral hemispheres
How is scrapie diagnosed?
clinical signs and biopsy of lymphoid tissues on inside of third eyelid
How is BSE diagnosed?
ELISA, immunassay
What is the causitive agent of cat scratch fever?
Bacteria bartonella henselae
Higher rates of cat scratch fever are reported when?
Autumn and Winter
Children make up for ___% of cat scratch fever infections
80%
Where are the highest level of seropositive cats found?
southeastern states, california, Hawaii, pacific NW
How is cat scratch fever transmitted?
Dried infected flea feces via claws of cats
Disease that typically causes regional lymphadenopathy in LN’s that drain inoculation site (most common in upper extremities)
Cat scratch fever
What is the incubation time for cat scratch fever?
1-2 weeks
Cat scratch fever is usually ___-_____ regional lymphadenopathy
Self-limiting
How is cat scratch fever diagnosed in humans?
culture (takes too long), IFA, ELISA
Average bacteria are usually greater than ____ nm
200
Viruses are usually __-___ nm in size (usually less than ___nm)
20-300 nm, usually smaller than 200 nm)
Viruses are made up of DNA or RNA while most microorganisms are made up of???
Both DNA and RNA
What viral stage releases the nucleic acid?
Stage 3 - Uncoating
What are the 2 possible ways viruses can release from host?
Cell lysing
Budding release
Viruses need ___ ___ to grow
living cells
What is the indirect technique for diagnosing viruses?
Hemagglutinations
What are the three types of influenza?
A, B, C
Moderate to severe influenza type infecting pigs, birds, horses, seals, dogs and people in winter months.
Type A
Milder epidemic form of influenza infecting ferrets, seals, pigs, dogs and horses
Type B
Mild, sporadic respiratory form of influenza infecting pigs, dogs and horses
Type C
H5NI represents which influenza?
Avian
H1N1, H1N2, H3N2 represent which influenza?
Swine
Subtype of equine H2N8?
Dog influenza
Atypical Fowl Plague AKA:
New Castle Disease
Causitive agent of New Castle Disease
Enveloped single strand RNA
Fertile eggs can carry what disease?
New Castle Disease
Direct contact with bird feces or respiratory discharges can transmit what disease?
New Castle Disease
Where does most replication occur in New Castle Disease?
Cytoplasm
Disease with symptoms that include edema on dorsal surface of the rostral 2/3 of the tongue
Foot and mouth
When are clinical signs of foot and mouth visualized?
3-5 days after infection
This disease causes high fevers and blisters in the mouth of cattle
Foot and mouth
Myocarditis is a complication of what disease?
Foot and mouth
Treatment for foot and mouth?
None. Cull herd.
Contagious Ecthyma is also known as?
“Orf”, sore mouth, scabby mouth, contagious pustular dermatitis, infectious labial dermatitis, contagious pustular stomatitis
_____ are more susceptible to Contagious Ecthyma
Lambs
What species has more severe clinical signs of contagious ecthyma?
Goats
Parapoxvirus ovis is the causitive agent of what?
Contagious Ecthyma
Contagious Ecthyma causitive agent is enveloped, ____ strand DNA
double
