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Nutrition And Disease > Basic Nutrition Concepts > Flashcards

Basic Nutrition Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

The sum of all the physical and chemical processes taking place in living organisms

A

Metabolism

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2
Q

Processes that involve the degradation or decomposition of complex compounds to simpler materials

A

Catabolism

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3
Q

Synthesis of simpler materials into complex compounds

A

Anabolism

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4
Q

Most energy comes from _________ and _________

A

carbohydrates and fats

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5
Q

Determines the amount of food that is actually absorbed by an animal and therefore the avilability of nutrients

A

Digestibility

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6
Q

the total amount of energy theoretically available from food

A

Gross Energy

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7
Q

The actual amount of energy available to the animal

A

Net Energy

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8
Q

Six Major Nutrient Categories

A

Water, carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, minerals

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9
Q

Water loss occurs from….

A

Urinary, fecal, evaporation

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10
Q

Water gain comes from…

A

Food, metabolic water, drinking

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11
Q

Carbohydrates are converted into ____ for storage

A

Fats

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12
Q

Cells are made of _______

A

Proteins

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13
Q

Nutritional value of the protein depends on ________ and ______ _____

A

digestibility and amino acids

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14
Q

In dogs, arachidonic acid can be synthesized from linoleic acid but ____ must get it in their diet.

A

cats

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15
Q

Good source of energy and increases palatability. Produces roughly twice as much energy as carbohydrates.

A

Essential Fatty Acids

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16
Q

Essential enzymes, enzyme precursors, and coenzyme in many body metabolic processes

A

Vitamins (functions)

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17
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

B & C

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18
Q

Fat Soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, K

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19
Q

Vitamins not stored in the body and must be replenished each day

A

B, C

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20
Q

Signs of vitamin A deficiencies

A

Night blindness, retarded growth, poor quality skin and hair

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21
Q

Signs of vitamin D deficiencies

A

Ricketts, poor eruption of permanent teeth

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22
Q

Signs of vitamin E deficiencies

A

Reproductive failure, brown bowel syndrome

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23
Q

Signs of vitamin K deficiencies

A

Increased clotting time and hemorrhage

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24
Q

Signs of vitamin C deficiencies

A

Slowed healing, increased susceptibility to disease

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25
Q

Signs of vitamin B1 deficiencies (Thiamin)

A

Loss of appetite, loss of reflexes, loss of nerve control, weakness

26
Q

Signs of niacin deficiencies

A

Loss of appetite and weight, inflamed guns, hemorrhagic diarrhea

27
Q

Signs of vitamin B2 deficiencies (riboflavin)

A

Poor growth, eye abnormalities, heart failure

28
Q

Signs of vitamin B5 deficiencies ( pantothenic acid)

A

Hairloss, diarrhea, premature aging

29
Q

Signs of vitamin B6 deficiencies (pyridoxine)

A

Anemia, poor growth, skin lesions

30
Q

Signs of folic acid deficiencies

A

Hypoplasia of bone marrow, macrocytic anemia

31
Q

Signs of B12 deficiencies

A

Macrocytic anemia

32
Q

Signs of biotin deficiencies

A

Poor hair, dry skin, diarrhea

33
Q

What are the macrominerals?

A

Calcium, Phosphorus, Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Sulfur, Chloride

34
Q

Responsible for dumping amylase and lipase into the small intestine

A

Pancreas

35
Q

________ completes the digestion of carbohydrates

A

Amylase

36
Q

______ _____ break up fat globules into smaller pieces and ______ breaks it down into fatty acids

A

Bile salts, lipase

37
Q

Creates bile which is stored in the gall bladder between meals

A

Liver

38
Q

Breaks down triglycerides

A

Liver

39
Q

3 parts of the small intestine

A

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

40
Q

What is needed for a proper immune response?

A

Protein, zinc, copper and iron, vitamins A and E

41
Q

Diabetes associated with high levels of glucose in the blood

A

Diabetes Mellitus

42
Q

Studies with sheep, show that increasing ______ can decrease worm burden

A

Protein

43
Q

Metabolic diseases, caused by an imbalance in nutrients, may consist of what conditions?

A

Bloat, pregnancy toxemia, ketosis, milk fever (eclampsia)

44
Q

Consuming only one meal per day, having a fast rate of eating, and experiencing aerophagia while eating are all nutritional factors that influence a dogs risk for ____

A

GDV

45
Q

Syndrom/disease associated with insufficient pancreatic enzymes

A

GDV

46
Q

When is GDV more likely to occur?

A

After eating, as the stomach is dilated and more prone to twisting.

47
Q

Pregnancy toxemia occurs ____ parturition

A

before

48
Q

Ketosis occurs _____ parturition

A

After

49
Q

Amongst several other symptoms, this condition causes animals to breathe more rapidly and may cause breath and urine to have a fruity/sweet odor

A

Pregnancy toxemia/ketosis

50
Q

Post-parturient hypocalcemia that occurs when the demand for calcium for milk production exceeds the body’s ability to mobilize calcium

A

Milk Fever

51
Q

In cattle with milk fever, temp tends to be ____

A

Sub-normal

52
Q

This type of diarrhea will often be indicated by fresh blood in the feces

A

Colitis, or large bowel diarrhea

53
Q

In this type of diarrhea the feces is usually black/tarry or just watery

A

Small bowel diarrhea

54
Q

What are two diets that can be offered to manage colitis?

A

Increasing the amount of fiber in the diet, using hypoallergenic diets

55
Q

What dietary changes can be made to manage IBD?

A

Hypoallergenic diet, low residue diet that is easily digested and absorbed, high fiber diets slow down fecal passage and increase eater reabsorption

56
Q

Toxic substance in chocolate

A

Theobromine

57
Q

Signs of theobromine toxicity usually occur within ______ of ingestion

A

5 hours

58
Q

Signs of theobromine toxicity

A

V/D, urinary incontinence, muscle tremors

59
Q

Most common urolith in dogs and cats

A

Struvite

60
Q

What is the primary therapy for urinary stone disease?

A

Reduce urine specific gravity (<1.020) and increase the frequency of urination (double)

61
Q

The ability of an animal to recuperate or recover growth after periods of underfeeding

A

Compensatory growth

62
Q

Reflected in the proportion of body fat and muscle on its carcass

A

Condition

Nutrition And Disease (7 decks)

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