nutrition during preganancy

Question 1

nutritional needs during preganancy

Answer 1

Protein- Addition requirement to support the
synthesis of maternal and fetal tissues
- Requirements increase throughout
gestation and peak during the 3rd trimester

Question 2

CHO

Answer 2

• Extra 175 g/day needed to spare protein
• Fiber is needed to prevent constipation

Question 3

Lipid

Answer 3

• Omega 3 and omega 6 are vital for nervous
  system development
• Precaution: fish intake

Question 4

Vitamins

Answer 4

• Folate requirements increase in response to
  the demands for maternal erythropoiesis,
  fetal and placental growth
• B12 requirements is increased
• Supplementation is provided

Question 5

Minerals

Answer 5

• Ca, P, and Mg are in great demand because
  they are necessary for normal development
  of the bones and teeth
• Zinc, required for protein synthesis and cell development

Question 6

During pregnancy, the body avidly
conserves iron and absorption increases up
to 3 folds

Answer 6

Iron needs of fetus have priority over
mother

Question 7

concerns during pregnancy

Answer 7

 Nausea
 Constipation
 Heartburn
 Excessive weight
gain

Question 8

Alcohol crosses the placenta freely and is
directly toxic.

Answer 8

 Limits oxygen delivery to the fetus
 Slows cell division which can cause abnormalities in
organs
 Affects fetal brain cell division
 Interferes with nutrient transport to fetus

Question 9

cigarettes smoking

Answer 9

Nicotine and cyanide in cigarettes are toxic to the fetus
* Smoking limits the oxygen delivered to the fetus
* Can damage fetal chromosomes
* Risk of low-birth weight baby
* Increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
* Even environmental tobacco smoke is unhealthy

Question 10

Have found that moderate caffeine intake (3
cups of coffee a day) during pregnancy

Answer 10

has no effect on infant birth weight or length of
gestation

Question 11

drug abuse

Answer 11

low birth weight, heartbeat abnormalities

Question 12

Infants and young children of pregnant
women exposed to Pb (lead)

Answer 12

show signs of delayed mental and psychomotor development

Question 12

Hg (mercury) in some fatty fish can damage

Answer 12

the developing brain and nervous system of the fetus

Question 13

Listeriosis

Answer 13

can cause miscarriage, stillbirth,
or severe damage to the fetus

Question 13

Pregnant women should avoid

Answer 13

unpasteurized cheeses, undercooked meat, smoked meats

Question 13

Suggestions for nausea

Answer 13

◦ Eat dry crackers or dry toast before rising
◦ Eat small, frequent meals
◦ Avoid food with offensive odors
◦ Avoid liquids at mealtime

Question 13

Suggestions for constipation

Answer 13

◦ Eat high-fiber diet
◦ Participate in daily exercise
◦ Drink at least 8 glasses of water per day
◦ Respond promptly to urge to defecate

Question 13

pregnancy induced hypertension

Answer 13

-Characterized by high blood pressure,
presence of protein in urine, and edema in
third trimester
-May progress into eclamptic stage with
convulsions, coma, and possible death of
mother and infant

Question 13

Suggestions for heartburn

Answer 13

◦ Eat small, frequent meals
◦ Avoid spicy or greasy foods
◦ Avoid liquids at mealtime
◦ Wait at least one hour after eating to lie down and two hours before exercising

Question 13

Suggestions for excessive weight gain

Answer 13

◦ Drink fat-free milk
◦ Eat clean, crisp, raw vegetables as snack
◦ Eat fruits and custards made with fat-free milk as desserts
◦ Broil, bake, or boil instead of fry

Question 13

pregnancy induced hypertension has higher incidence with

Answer 13

first pregnancy, multifetal pregnancies, morbidly obese women, or women with inadequate diets

Question 13

leg cramps

Answer 13

magnesium may relieve leg cramps

Question 13

pica

Answer 13

Craving for nonfood substances
◦ E.g., starch, clay (soil), or ice

Question 13

anemia

Answer 13

Condition caused by insufficiency of RBCs,
hemoglobin, or blood volume
 Causes weakness, fatigue, poor appetite, and pallor