nutrition during lactation

Question 1

Prolactin

Answer 1

Stimulates alveolar cell
milk production

Question 2

Oxytocin

Answer 2

• Stimulates the myoepithelial cells of the mammary gland to contract
• Movement of milk through the ducts and lactiferous sinuses
• Let-down reflex

Question 3

Benefits of Breastfeeding Babies

Answer 3

 balance of nutrients with high bioavailability

 good hormones

 cognitive development

 less infections

 less diseases

 less food allergies

Question 4

Benefits of Breastfeeding Moms

Answer 4

 contracts the uterus
 delays menstruation
 conserves iron stores
 may protect against breast cancer
 convenient
 bonding time with baby

Question 5

Breastfeeding mothers need an additional

Answer 5

500 kcal
of total energy per day compared to non-lactating
female adults

Question 6

Nutritional requirements

Answer 6

 Increased intake of most nutrients

 Milk production is most affected by maternal
hydration

 Milk composition varies according to mother’s diet

Question 7

Human Milk

Answer 7

Isotonic Solution
 milk and plasma are of similar ion concentration

Question 8

Human Milk Designed to protect infants chronic childhood diseases.

Answer 8

T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, neutrophils,
macrophages and epithelial cells aid in immune function

Question 9

Two forms of breast milk

Answer 9

colostrum/mature milk.

Question 10

Colostrum in Human Milk

Answer 10

 Thick, yellow fluid
 Produced during lactogenesis II (2-3 days after birth)
 Provides 58-70 cal/100 ml
 High in protein, electrolytes, sodium, potassium, chloride and vitamin A
 Low in fat and carbohydrate
 Lactobacillus bifidus factor

Question 11

Mature Human Milk

Answer 11

 Thin and watery texture
 Forms during lactogenesis III
 Provides 2,730-2,940 cal/L
 High in linoleic acid and cholesterol content for brain development
 High in fat and lactose
 DHA
 Long chain omega-3 fatty acids.
 Used for synthesis of brain tissues, central nervous system and eyes
 DHA and cholesterol are not found in human milk substitutes

Question 12

During the first few weeks, the newborn will need approximately

Answer 12

8 to 12 feedings a day, on demand

Question 13

Nutrition for Breastfeeding Women

Answer 13

 Energy and protein
 higher needs than pregnancy

 Vitamins and minerals
 Most are higher or same as pregnancy
 Iron and folate needs are lower

 Water/hydration

Question 14

Food choices and Practices to avoid while breastfeeding

Answer 14

Alcohol, drugs, smoking, excess caffeine, nicotine

Question 15

Problems with breastfeeding

Answer 15

 Engorgement
 Blocked ducts
 Mastitis
 Sore, cracked nipples