Constipation

Question 1

Clinical Definition

Answer 1

Any two of the following symptoms for at least 3 month (not necessarily consecutive) in a year

 Straining
 Hard or lumpy stool
 Sensation of incomplete evacuation
 Fewer than 3 defecation per week

Question 2

Causes: Non-organic-Developmental

Answer 2

-Cognitive Handicaps
-Attention-deficit Disorder

Situational
-Coercive Toilet Training

Toilet Phobia
School bathroom Avoidance

Reduced Stool Volume Low Fiber Diet
Dehydration
Malnutrition
Other Sexual Abuse
Depression
Pregnancy

Question 3

Causes: Non-organic-situational

Answer 3

-Coercive Toilet Training
-Toilet Phobia
-School bathroom Avoidance

Question 4

Causes: Non-organic-reduced stool volume

Answer 4

Low Fiber Diet
Dehydration
Malnutrition

Question 5

Causes: Non-organic- other

Answer 5

Sexual Abuse
Depression
Pregnancy

Question 6

Causes: Organic-Anatomic Malformations

Answer 6

Imperforate Anus (rectum malformation)
Anal Stenosis (narrowing of the opening of anus)
Pelvic Mass

Question 7

Causes: Organic- Metabolic Causes

Answer 7

Hypothyroidism
Hypokalemia
Hypercalcemia
Celiac Disease (inherited autoimmune disorder)

Question 8

Causes: Organic- Neuropathic Conditions

Answer 8

Spinal Cord Abnormalities

Spinal Cord Trauma

Question 9

Causes: Organic- drug induced

Answer 9

Opiates (depressant)
Phenobarbital (treat epilepsy)
Codeine-containing Medications (cough reliever)
Anti-depressants
Vitamin D Intoxication
Heavy Metal Ingestion

Question 10

Long-term complications

Answer 10

Urinary incontinence
Abdominal pain
Faecal impaction
Hemorrhoids

Question 11

Treatment: Non-drug approach

Answer 11

1.Regular bowel regimen
2.Diet modification
3. Lifestyle changes
4.Weight loss

Question 12

The power of water

Answer 12

8 cups of water daily

Question 13

Insoluble diet

Answer 13

 whole wheat, whole grains, wheat bran,
corn bran, seeds, nuts, barley, brown rice,
celery, broccoli, cabbage, onions,
tomatoes, carrots, cucumbers, green
beans, dark leafy vegetables, raisins,
grapes, fruit, and root vegetable skins
 laxative effect and add bulk to the diet
 do not dissolve in water
 pass through the GIT
 speed up the passage of food and waste

Question 14

soluble diet

Answer 14

 oatmeal, oat cereal, lentils, apples, oranges, pears, oat bran, strawberries, nuts, flaxseeds, beans, dried peas, blueberries, cucumbers, celery, andcarrots
 attract water and form a gel
 slows down digestion
 delays the emptying of stomach