Nutrition Assessment and Care Strategies

Question 1

what are the 4 common of nutritional assessment?

Answer 1

• history
• anthropometric
• physical exam
• lab tests

Question 2

what are the parts of a patients history?

Answer 2

Current Disease State

• where is the patient at in the disease?
• how long have you had symptoms?

Ethnic/Religious/Educational Issues

• how familiar are they with words or abbreviations
• this will tell you how to communicate with them in ways they understand
• don’t feed the Jews the bacon

Income level
-Can they afford what you suggest

Drugs
-Problems w/ blood pressure etc

Diet

• boiled chicken is different than fried chicken
• what they eat and how they prepare it could tell you a few things

Question 3

Anthropometrics

Answer 3

Body Measurements

• weight
• head circumference
• body fat
• lean tissue

Question 4

What is Macrocytic RBC?

Answer 4

large RBCs

usually cause B12 deficiency

Question 5

what is Microcytic RBC?

Answer 5

Small RBC

could be an indication of Fe deficiency

Question 6

What is hypochromic?

Answer 6

too little Hb

• thinner walls
• large gap in the middle of each cell

Question 7

What is nonhypochromic?

Answer 7

normal amount of Hb

• thicker cell wall
• not huge gap in the middle

Question 8

what is a hematocrit?

Answer 8

percent RBC in blood

-normal should be 44-45% erythrocytes

Question 9

what is protoporphyrin?

Answer 9

joins with Fe to make heme
Protoporphyrin + Fe = Heme

-accumulation of protoporphyrin in blood means you don’t have enough iron in your blood

Question 10

What is Serum Albumin?

Answer 10

Albumin is a protriin in the blood

What it does…

• maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
• transport nutrients (zinc), hormones, drugs

Question 11

What are low levels of Albumin an indication of?

Answer 11

prolonged protein depletion

or

liver and kidney disorders

Question 12

Describe a nutrition care plan

Answer 12

• strategy for correcting nutritional problems
• PATIENT EDUCATION : what they need and how to deal with it
• usually developed by a dietician (doesn’t see patient in most cases)
• often explained by other medical professional: nurse, physical therapist, doctor

Question 13

What is a therapeutic diet?

Answer 13

-modified to meet a special need

example:

• hypertension —> lower sodium intake
• diabetes —> no food with high glycemic index

Question 14

What is an administrative dietician?

Answer 14

-manages food service system

example:
-school cafeteria

Question 15

What is a clinical dietician?

Answer 15

• actually meets with patients

- directs patient care

Question 16

what is a registered dietetic technician?

Answer 16

• have an associates degree in nutrition

- helps Registered dietician

Question 17

what are selective menus?

Answer 17

list of foods that meets the change needs, allows clients to choose what they like

Question 18

what is a diet manual?

Answer 18

foods for a particular diet, with reasons and explanations and sample menus

Question 19

What is a diet order?

Answer 19

• more stringent
• written prescription from a physician for a particular diet

ex:
eat _______, # times per day

Question 20

What does NPO mean?

Answer 20

Nil Per Os

• nothing by mouth
• like before surgery

Question 21

What are some communication techniques to use with patients?

Answer 21

• caring and RESPECTFUL attitude
• DO NOT be judgmental
• pick your words carefully: words and abbreviation/education level
• eye contact at their level, as much as possible
• meaningful feedback: encouragement and correction

Question 22

What are Medical Records?

Answer 22

written accounts of a patient, anything that is done or reported

Question 23

what is a POMR?

Answer 23

Problem Oriented Medical Record

-list of patient’s problems, followed by solution or recommendations (how we should proceed)

Question 24

what is the difference between a diagnosis and a prognosis?

Answer 24

diagnosis- disease state, state of problem

prognosis - predicted outcome of the disease or problem