Nutrition Assessment and Care Strategies Flashcards
what are the 4 common of nutritional assessment?
- history
- anthropometric
- physical exam
- lab tests
what are the parts of a patients history?
Current Disease State
- where is the patient at in the disease?
- how long have you had symptoms?
Ethnic/Religious/Educational Issues
- how familiar are they with words or abbreviations
- this will tell you how to communicate with them in ways they understand
- don’t feed the Jews the bacon
Income level
-Can they afford what you suggest
Drugs
-Problems w/ blood pressure etc
Diet
- boiled chicken is different than fried chicken
- what they eat and how they prepare it could tell you a few things
Anthropometrics
Body Measurements
- weight
- head circumference
- body fat
- lean tissue
What is Macrocytic RBC?
large RBCs
usually cause B12 deficiency
what is Microcytic RBC?
Small RBC
could be an indication of Fe deficiency
What is hypochromic?
too little Hb
- thinner walls
- large gap in the middle of each cell
What is nonhypochromic?
normal amount of Hb
- thicker cell wall
- not huge gap in the middle
what is a hematocrit?
percent RBC in blood
-normal should be 44-45% erythrocytes
what is protoporphyrin?
joins with Fe to make heme
Protoporphyrin + Fe = Heme
-accumulation of protoporphyrin in blood means you don’t have enough iron in your blood
What is Serum Albumin?
Albumin is a protriin in the blood
What it does…
- maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
- transport nutrients (zinc), hormones, drugs
What are low levels of Albumin an indication of?
prolonged protein depletion
or
liver and kidney disorders
Describe a nutrition care plan
- strategy for correcting nutritional problems
- PATIENT EDUCATION : what they need and how to deal with it
- usually developed by a dietician (doesn’t see patient in most cases)
- often explained by other medical professional: nurse, physical therapist, doctor
What is a therapeutic diet?
-modified to meet a special need
example:
- hypertension —> lower sodium intake
- diabetes —> no food with high glycemic index
What is an administrative dietician?
-manages food service system
example:
-school cafeteria
What is a clinical dietician?
- actually meets with patients
- directs patient care
what is a registered dietetic technician?
- have an associates degree in nutrition
- helps Registered dietician
what are selective menus?
list of foods that meets the change needs, allows clients to choose what they like
what is a diet manual?
foods for a particular diet, with reasons and explanations and sample menus
What is a diet order?
- more stringent
- written prescription from a physician for a particular diet
ex:
eat _______, # times per day
What does NPO mean?
Nil Per Os
- nothing by mouth
- like before surgery
What are some communication techniques to use with patients?
- caring and RESPECTFUL attitude
- DO NOT be judgmental
- pick your words carefully: words and abbreviation/education level
- eye contact at their level, as much as possible
- meaningful feedback: encouragement and correction
What are Medical Records?
written accounts of a patient, anything that is done or reported
what is a POMR?
Problem Oriented Medical Record
-list of patient’s problems, followed by solution or recommendations (how we should proceed)
what is the difference between a diagnosis and a prognosis?
diagnosis- disease state, state of problem
prognosis - predicted outcome of the disease or problem
