NUTRITION AND PERFUSION (EXAM 2) Flashcards
what is the first line of treatment with hypertension
monitor diet
consequences of perfusion
loss of tactile sensation
fainting
confusion
DVT
decrease organ function
ischemic pain
tissue necrosis
what are the 2 primary forms of lipids
triglycerides
cholesteral
function of triglycerides
energy source and stored in fat (adipose tissue)
function of cholesterol
make steroid hormones, cell membranes and bile acids
what is a lipoprotein
combination of fat and protein
HDL
good cholesterol
high density liproprotein
LDL
bad cholesterol
low density lipoprotein
what does liver also manufactures
cholesterol using acetyl coenzyme A
atherosclerosis
buildup of cholesterol in the arteries
what can atherosclerosis lead to
coronary heart disease
LDL and atherosclerosis
high amounts of LDL adhere to the blood vessels creating a fatty streak. this causes the vessels to narrow restricting blood flow
when is the lipid panel drawn
12 hours fast
total cholesterol
less than 200mg/dl
HDL
greater than 60mg/dl
LDL
less than 100mg/dl
triglycerides
less than 150mg/dl
the primary goal
prevent occurrence of cardiac events in patients with risk factors
secondary goal
prevent subsequent cardiac events
what are some lifestyle modifications to lower cholesterol levels
diet change
weight change
increase activity level
what is a heart healthy diet
lower in saturated fat
high in fiber
what is dyslipidemia
elevated fats and cholesterol
name some medications used to treat dyslipidemia
there are 4 classes
-hydroxymethylglutayl-coenzyme a (HMG-CoA)
name a HMG-CoA Reductase
atorvastatin
what is atorvastatin used for
to decrease blood levels of LDL (bad cholesterol)
what does atorvastatin do
decrease LDL
increase HDL
how long does it take to start seeing effect of it
6-8 weeks
when should you check back the cholesterol of a pt who has started on atorvastatin
6-8 weeks
MOA of atorvastatin
decrease rate of cholesterol production
what happens when less cholesterol is produced
the liver increases the number of LDL receptors which takes them out of circulation
contraindications
allergy
pregnancy
hepatic disease
patient teaching of atorvastatin
still be on that low cholesterol diet
cholesterol panel order every 3-6 months
nursing intervention
monitor liver function through liver function test
when should cholesterol panels be ordered
every 3-6 months
who should you not give atorvastatin to
liver impairment
DM
alcohol use disorder
renal impairment
what food to avoid
grapefruit
st jhons wort
when should you take it
at night or in the late afternoon when the liver is functioning
when should you stop taking it
with pancytopenia
lack of wbc
