Adrenergic and Anti-Adrenergic Drugs (EXAM 2) Flashcards
What is the function of adrenergic?
-they stimulate the sympathetic nervous system
-mimic norepinephrine and epinephrine
what are the adrenergic receptor sites?
heart
bronchi
gi tract
urinary bladder
what do alpha 1 receptors do? (AGONIST)
-Increases cardiac contractility
-vasoconstriction
-dilute pupils
-increases blood pressure
-increases bladder relaxation and urinary sphincter
What is an easy way to remember what alpha 1 receptors do? (AGONIST)
it all has sympathetic response
What does alpha 2 receptors do? (AGONIST)
-decreases BP
-promote vasodilation
-decreases GI motility and tone
What is an easy way to remember what alpha 2 receptors do? (AGONIST)
parasympathetic response
What do adrenergic receptors mimic?
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
what do beta 1receptors do? (AGONIST)
-increases cardiac contractility
-increases BP and HR
what do beta 2 receptor do? (AGONIST)
-bronchodilation
-decreases gi tone and motility
-increases blood flow in skeletal muscles
-relaxes smooth muscles of the uterus
-activates liver glycogenolysis and increases blood glucose
who activates liver glycogenolysis
beta receptor 2
How is norepinephrine inactivated?
- it is reuptake up back into the neuron
-Enzymatic transformation or degradation
-Diffusion away from the receptor
what is an example of a direct acting sympathomimetics
They directly stimulate the adrenergic receptor
-Epinephrine and norepinephrine
what is the action of epinephrine (SYMPATHETIC)
-increases vasoconstriction
-promote bronchodilation
-increases BP,HR, CO
what is epinephrine used for
ANYTHING THAT MAKES YOUR BODY GO IN THAT FIGHT OR FLIGHT (SYMPATHETIC)
anaphylaxis
bronchospasm
cardiogenic shock
cardia arrest
how is epinephrine given and why?
-given with IV
-if given orally it will take too long to work which is not good in those serious situations
dont give epinephrine with what?
-beta blockers=decrease epinephrine action
-digoxin causes cardia dysrhythmias
why dont give epinephrine with beta blockers
because they decrease the action of it
should we give digoxin with epinephrine
causes dysrhythmias
contraindications of adrenergic
hypertension
cardiac dysrhythmias
renal impairment
cerebrovascular disease
can epinephrine be given PO
No because it will take too long
what is epinephrine good for/ used for
-increase HR
-vasoconstriction of blood vessels
-increase blood pressure
bronchodilation
Toxicity of epinephrine
affects renal
tissue necrosis with extravasation
how does epi affect perfusion
it increases perfusion
what kind of sympathomimetic is epi
direct acting
stimulate the adrenergic receptor
what actions should you take with a patient on adrenergic agonist
-get that baseline vitals
-monitor for Iv infiltration
teaching with adrenergic agonist
-report tachycardia, palpitations, dysrhythmias
-avoid cold meds and diet pills if hypertensive, diabetic, CAD or dysrhythmias
-avoid use of nasal spray
why should you avoid continuous use of adrenergic nasal spray
-they cause vasoconstriction
what do adrenergic antagonists do?
-they block the alpha and beta sites
-inhibit the release of epinephrine and epinephrine
selective adrenergic antagonist
block alpha 1
nonselective adrenergic antagonist
block alpha 1and alpha 2
what is the action of alpha adrenergic antagonist
-they promote vasodilation
-so basically the opposite of agonist
what do we adrenergic antagonist to do
decrease symptoms of BPH and PVD
Alpha 1 effects (ANTAGONIST)
-vasodilation
-dizziness
-orthostatic hypotension
-pupil constriction
-reduces contraction of smooth muscles in bladder neck and prostate
Beta 1 effects (ANTAGONIST)
reduces cardiac contractility
decreases HR
Beta 2 effects (ANTAGONIST)
bronchospasm
contracts uterus
inhibits glycogenolysis
who should you not give Beta 2 (ANTAGONIST)
if they have low blood pressure
Name some selective beta blocker
-metoprolol
-atenolol
what do selective beta blocker does
blocks only beta 1
-leads to a decrease in blood pressure and heart rate
-they have fewer side effects
what kind of medication is metoprolol and atenolol?
it is beta adrenergic blocker
easy way to remember adrenergic agonist
-they boost the effects of adrenergic
-they affect the sympathetic nervous system
what decrease the effects of beta adrenergic blockers
-NSAIDS
what increase the effects of beta adrenergic blockers
other antihypertensive
anything that lowers BP more
so what should you do with your patient before you give a patient a beta blocker/ beta adrenergic blocker
check to see if they are on any antihypertensive
side effects of beta adrenergic blocker
-Everything is low and slow
-bradycardia
-hypotension
-dysrhythmias
-dizziness
-drowsiness
–fatigue
-depression
what does adrenergic antagonists do to the blood vessels?
what does this lead to?
dilate them
lead to decrease in BP and HR
what cues are you looking for with beta adrenergic antagonist
-obtain baseline vitals and ECG
-determine what drugs the patient currently takes
adrenergic antagonist nursing interventions
-monitor vitals
-report significant decrease in BP
-assist patient with orthostatic hypotension
-advice the patient that it takes time for the medication to work 2-3 weeks
