DIURETICS (EXAM 2) Flashcards
what is the main purpose of a diuretic
decrease edema
reduce hypertension
types of diuretics
potassium sparing
thiazide and thiazide like
loop
osmotic
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
what is the action of thiazide and thiazide like diuretics
promote sodium, chloride and water excretion
where do thiazide and thiazide like diuretics act on
distal convoluted renal tubule
what is thiazide and thiazide like diuretics used for
hypertension
peripheral edema
thiazide and thiazide like diuretics SE/AE
dizziness
headache
hypotension
urticaria
hyperglycemia
hyperuricemia
hyperlipidemia
what is urticaria
hives and wells on the body
contraindications of thiazide and thiazide like diuretics
renal failure
drug interaction thiazide and thiazide like diuretics
digoxin
lithium
antihypertensive
what assessment should be taken as a nurse with thiazide and thiazide like diuretics
check for peripheral edema
assess vitals
weight
lab values
what should you monitor with thiazide and thiazide like diuretics
the patients weight and vitals
urine output
observe s/s of what thiazide and thiazide like diuretics
hypokalemia
when should you advice the patient to take thiazide and thiazide like diuretics
in the early morning
if taken in the night they will experience nocturia
advice the patient to do what when standing
thiazide and thiazide like diuretics
stand slowly because of that dizziness
what is the action of loop diuretics
excrete water, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium
where do loop diuretics act on
the loop of henle
SE/AE loop diuretics
hypoglycemia
electrolyte imbalance
dizziness
headaches
cramps
ortho hypotension
hearing loss
photosensitivity
loop diuretics observe cues for
fluid overload
hypernatremia
what should you monitor with loop diuretics
vitals
weight
evidence of hypokalemia
in the case that IV furosemide is given what is important to note
administer slowly
may cause hearing loss
what should you monitor with loop diuretics when taking digoxin
potassium levels
osmotic diuretic use
decrease ICP and IOP
promote excretion of toxic substances
what is the action of osmotic diuretics
increase sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule and the loop of henle
what do osmotic diuretics excrete
sodium
chloride
potassium
water
SE/AR of osmotic diuretics
blurred vision
fluid and electrolyte imbalance
GI distress, acidosis
Pulmonary edema
tachycardia
contraindication of osmotic diuretics
heart disease
HF
renal failure
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors action
block action of enzyme carbonic anhydrase
what do Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors excrete
sodium
potassium
bicarbonate
use of Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
decrease IOP in patients with open angle chronic glaucoma
SE/AR of Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
confusion
orthostatic hypotension
gidistress
metabolic acidosis
hemolytic anemia
crystalluria
renal calculi
what is the action of potassium sparing diuretics
block aldosterone
promote sodium and water excretion
promote potassium retention
what is potassium sparing diuretics used for
edema
HF
cirrhosis of liver
SE/AR of potassium sparing diuretics
dizziness
headache
hyperkalemia
muscle cramps
hyperuremia
paresthesia
what should you monitor with potassium sparing diuretics
urinary output
vitals for abnormal changes
s/s hyperkalemia
what should you educate the patient about with potassium sparing diuretics
with high potassium levels to avoid high in potassium foods
name the potassium sparing diuretics
Spironolactone
