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Pharmocology > DIURETICS (EXAM 2) > Flashcards

DIURETICS (EXAM 2) Flashcards

1
Q

what is the main purpose of a diuretic

A

decrease edema
reduce hypertension

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2
Q

types of diuretics

A

potassium sparing
thiazide and thiazide like
loop
osmotic
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

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3
Q

what is the action of thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

A

promote sodium, chloride and water excretion

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4
Q

where do thiazide and thiazide like diuretics act on

A

distal convoluted renal tubule

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5
Q

what is thiazide and thiazide like diuretics used for

A

hypertension
peripheral edema

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6
Q

thiazide and thiazide like diuretics SE/AE

A

dizziness
headache
hypotension
urticaria
hyperglycemia
hyperuricemia
hyperlipidemia

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7
Q

what is urticaria

A

hives and wells on the body

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8
Q

contraindications of thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

A

renal failure

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9
Q

drug interaction thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

A

digoxin
lithium
antihypertensive

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10
Q

what assessment should be taken as a nurse with thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

A

check for peripheral edema
assess vitals
weight
lab values

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11
Q

what should you monitor with thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

A

the patients weight and vitals
urine output

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12
Q

observe s/s of what thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

A

hypokalemia

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13
Q

when should you advice the patient to take thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

A

in the early morning
if taken in the night they will experience nocturia

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14
Q

advice the patient to do what when standing
thiazide and thiazide like diuretics

A

stand slowly because of that dizziness

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15
Q

what is the action of loop diuretics

A

excrete water, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium

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16
Q

where do loop diuretics act on

A

the loop of henle

17
Q

SE/AE loop diuretics

A

hypoglycemia
electrolyte imbalance
dizziness
headaches
cramps
ortho hypotension
hearing loss
photosensitivity

18
Q

loop diuretics observe cues for

A

fluid overload
hypernatremia

19
Q

what should you monitor with loop diuretics

A

vitals
weight
evidence of hypokalemia

20
Q

in the case that IV furosemide is given what is important to note

A

administer slowly
may cause hearing loss

21
Q

what should you monitor with loop diuretics when taking digoxin

A

potassium levels

22
Q

osmotic diuretic use

A

decrease ICP and IOP
promote excretion of toxic substances

23
Q

what is the action of osmotic diuretics

A

increase sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule and the loop of henle

24
Q

what do osmotic diuretics excrete

A

sodium
chloride
potassium
water

25
Q

SE/AR of osmotic diuretics

A

blurred vision
fluid and electrolyte imbalance
GI distress, acidosis
Pulmonary edema
tachycardia

26
Q

contraindication of osmotic diuretics

A

heart disease
HF
renal failure

27
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors action

A

block action of enzyme carbonic anhydrase

28
Q

what do Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors excrete

A

sodium
potassium
bicarbonate

29
Q

use of Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

decrease IOP in patients with open angle chronic glaucoma

30
Q

SE/AR of Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

confusion
orthostatic hypotension
gidistress
metabolic acidosis
hemolytic anemia
crystalluria
renal calculi

31
Q

what is the action of potassium sparing diuretics

A

block aldosterone
promote sodium and water excretion
promote potassium retention

32
Q

what is potassium sparing diuretics used for

A

edema
HF
cirrhosis of liver

33
Q

SE/AR of potassium sparing diuretics

A

dizziness
headache
hyperkalemia
muscle cramps
hyperuremia
paresthesia

34
Q

what should you monitor with potassium sparing diuretics

A

urinary output
vitals for abnormal changes
s/s hyperkalemia

35
Q

what should you educate the patient about with potassium sparing diuretics

A

with high potassium levels to avoid high in potassium foods

36
Q

name the potassium sparing diuretics

A

Spironolactone

Pharmocology (14 decks)

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