Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Animal Science 001 > Nutrition and Feed > Flashcards

Nutrition and Feed Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

biological value of a protein

A

high biological value - contains the essential AA required by in a proportion similar to that required by the consumer
low biological value - one or more essential AA are scarce
limiting AA - AA in shortest supply in relation to need

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ration formation

A

goal: to provide the animal w/ a balanced diet containing the nutrients required to meet its physiological needs
needs include:
-maintenance requirements + additional needs for: growth pregnancy lactation work etc.
must consider: nutrient composition of feedstuffs
-digestibility
-palatability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

diet

A

all feedstuffs being consumed including water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ration

A

specific feeds being given in a 24hr period

specific quantities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

national research council

A

NRC
Publishes:
-nutrient requirement of domestic animals
-nutrient contents of ration ingredients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

physiological control of feed intake

A

energy and gut fill

in energy density is too low then cant consume enough due to gut capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

feedstuff components

A 
water (moisture)
protein
fat
carbohydrates
vitamins
minerals
energy (calories)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

proximate analysis

A

a general approximation of the feeds (or rations) content of major nutrient groups
a chemical analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

moisture content determination

A

dry the feed sample

weight before - weight after = moisture content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

kjeldahl

A

chemical analysis of total nitrogen in the sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ether extraction

A

removes fat from the sample

weight before - weight after = fat content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

measure soluble carbohydrate and protein

A

boil in acid
boil in alkali
then left w/ crude fiber and ash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ash

A

minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

measure soluble carbohydrates

A

nitrogen free extract (NFE)

100% - CP - fat - crude fiber - ash = NFE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

calories in feed

A

bomb calorimeter
carbs = 4kcal/g
protein = 4kcal/g
fat = 9kcal/g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

gross energy

A

includes all energy in feed
not all available to the animal
bomb calorimeter test

17
Q

digestible energy

A

how much energy does NOT end up in the feces

= energy absorbed

18
Q

metabolized energy

A

what is left after accounting for energy lost in feces, urine, and gases

19
Q

net energy

A

left after losses in feces, urine, gases, and heat increment

available for maintenance, growth, lactation, work, etc.

20
Q

heat increment

A

energy lost in fermentation and in metabolic processes associated with work of digestion

21
Q

digestibility trials

A

estimating feed value based on digestibility w/in the target animal
biological analysis

22
Q

apparent digestibility

A

digestion trial w/ animals consuming the test ration

nutrient consumed - nutrient excreted in feces = nutrient digested and absorbed

23
Q

nutrient digestibility %

A

(nutrient intake - nutrient in feces) x 100

nutrient intake

24
Q

NRC 8 categories of feedstuffs

A 
dry forages and roughage
pasture range plats and green forages
silages
energy feeds
protein supplements 
mineral supplements
vitamin supplements
non-nutritive additives
25
Q

dry forages and roughages

A 
> or = 18% crude fiber (up to 50%)
low in NFE (cell contents)
variable digestibility and energy content
protein content varies (2-30%)
CHEAP
ruminants and hind gut fermentation 
-ferment --> VFA's
-ruminants forage protein to high quality microbial protein
26
Q

pasture

A

grass mixture
variable moisture level (20-80%)
other nutrients vary
moisture content can limit intake

27
Q

silages

A 
anaerobic respiration
produces acids --> low pH
-kill microbes  and preserves feed
loss of nutrients (feeding microbes)
can spoil if doesnt stay anaerobic
28
Q

energy feeds

A 
cereal grains (wheat, oats, corn)
< 18% crude fiber high starch
low protein (<20% CP)
1st limiting AA
-protein quality
-grains low in lys, met
often low in Ca, P, minerals, Vit A and D
29
Q

protein supplements

A 
> 20% CP
high quality protein
EXPENSIVE
Plant - oilseed meals
Animal - bone, feather, blood, fish meals
NPN - esp. urea
30
Q

mineral supplements

A

salt (often trace mineralized)
Ca and P from bone meal, oyster shell etc.
premixed mineral “packages”are often purchased

31
Q

vitamin supplements

A

yeast extracts, fish oil, etc.
purified vitamins
-vitamin premixes
-fed in excess of requirement as insurance

32
Q

non-nutritive additives

A

other ingredients
promote palatability, growth feed efficiency, health
ex: msg, preservatives, coloring, flavor, antibiotics
must be FDA approved if classified as drugs

33
Q

lasalocid

A

a cocidiostat
prevents coccidiosis (an internal parasite
increases the efficiency of rumen fermentation

Animal Science 001 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions