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Path - Chempath > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of vitamin?

A

Fat soluble

Water soluble

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2
Q

Where are fat soluble vitamins stored?

A

in adipose tissue

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3
Q

What is a benefit of fat soluble vitamins?

A

That it is hard to be deficient

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4
Q

What is a danger of fat soluble vitamins?

A

There is increased toxicity risk

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5
Q

What is deficiency and excess of Vitamin A (retinol)?

A

Deficiency: colour blindness
Excess: Exfoliation, hepatitis

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6
Q

What is deficiency and excess of vitamin D

A

Deficiency: osteomalacia/rickets
Excess: hypercalcaemia

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7
Q

What is deficiency and excess of Vitamin E

A

Deficiency: anaemia, neuropathy, IHD
Excess: N/A

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8
Q

What is deficiency and excess of Vitamin K

A

Deficiency: defective clotting

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9
Q

Is it more common to get a deficiency or excess of water soluble vitamins?

A

Deficiency is easier

because they can’t be stores in the body

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10
Q

What is deficiency of Vitamin B1

A

Beri Beri

  • Wet (CVD)
  • Dry (neurological disease - wernicke’s)
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11
Q

What is deficiency of B2

A

Glossitis

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12
Q

What is deficiency of B6

A

Dermatitis

Anaemia

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13
Q

What is deficiency of B12

A

Pernicious anaemia

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14
Q

What is Pellagra characterised by?

A

3Ds

Diarrhoea
Dermatitis
Dementia

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15
Q

What is deficiency of niacin?

A

Pellagra

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16
Q

What is deficiency of Vitamin C?

A

scurvy

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17
Q

What is excess of vitamin C?

A

Renal stones

18
Q

How does most of our energy expenditure occur?

A

It is RESTING energy expenditure

due to the basal metabolic rate

19
Q

What is the composition of an ideal dieT?

A

50% CARBOHYDRATES
33% fat
17% protein

20
Q

What is the problem with the composition of a western diet?

A

Increased fat, decreased carbohydrates

21
Q

What is the hunger hormone’

A

Ghrelin

22
Q

What is the satiety hormone

A

PYY

23
Q

What occurs after eating by the hypothalamus?

A

Hypothalamus causes insulin release.
Insulin causes:
- Increased energy expenditure
- Increased satiety

24
Q

What hormone does adipose tissue produce after eating’

A

Leptin

25
Q

What does leptin do?

A

Negative feedback to the hypothalamus, preventing further eating

26
Q

What is the best indicator of CVD=?

A

Weight circumference

27
Q

What are obesity associated comorbidites?

A 
Psychological 
CVD 
Malignancy 
Diabetes
Gynaecologic 
Rheum 
Pregnancy 
OSA
28
Q

What is normal protein intake for M/F

A 
M= 84 
F = 64g
29
Q

What are the three types of protein?

A

Indispensable
Conditionally indispensable
Dispensable (body can produce them)

30
Q

What does high saturated fatty acid intake do to LDL?

A

INCREASES LDL

31
Q

What does high polyunsaturated fatty acid intake do to HDL

A

Decrease LDL

32
Q

What is a trycliceride made up of?

A

Glycerol

3 fatty acids

33
Q

What are the good and bad fatty acids:

A

Cis: good, hydrogen bonds on same plane
Trans: bad, hydrogen bonds on different plane

34
Q

What are the types of fat you can have/eat?

A

Saturated - BAD
Monosaturated
Polysaturated - GOOD

35
Q

What should be the components of your carbohydrate intake?

A

20% simple carbohydrates

80% complex carbohydrates e.g. bread

36
Q

What are the 5 defining features of metabolic syndrome?

A 
Waist circumference 
Fasting glucose 
HDL 
HTN 
Microalbumin insulin resistance
37
Q

What are the 2 medical therapies licenced for obesity?

A

Orlistat

GLP1

38
Q

What are the 3 types of bariatric surgery

A

Adjustable band
Gastric bypass
Sleeve gastrectomy

39
Q

What is marasmus caused by?

A

By low dietary intake of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins

40
Q

What is Kwashniorkor caused by?

A

Protein deficiency

Path - Chempath (23 decks)

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