Lipoprotein metabolism and Dyslipidaemia

Question 1

What are the three key structural features of atherosclerotic lesions?

Answer 1

Fibrous cap
Foam cell
Necrotic core

Question 2

Rank lipoproteins from largest to smallest

Answer 2

Can Valter Lose Hair

Chylomicrons
VLDL
LDL
HDL

Question 3

Which lipoprotein carries most cholesterol?

Answer 3

LDL

Question 4

Which transporter carries cholesterol OUT of intestine?

Answer 4

NPC1L1

Question 5

Which transporter carries cholesterol INTO intestine?

Answer 5

ABC G5, ABCG8

Question 6

What does cholesterol do once it arrives es in the liver?

Answer 6

Downregulates HMG CoA reductase

Question 7

What happens to cholesterol once it arrives in liver?

Answer 7

• Hydroxylation by 7alpha hydroxylase into bile acids, then excreted via bile ducts
• Esterified by ACAT to produce CHOLESTEROL ESTER, then incorporated to VLDL particles

Question 8

What is the main carrier of triglycerides?

Answer 8

VLDL

Question 9

What are the dominant mutations in familial hypercholestemia Type 2

Answer 9

LDL receptor
ApoB
PCSK9

Question 10

What is the recessive mutations in familial hypercholestemia Type 2

Answer 10

LDL RAP1

Question 11

What is phytosterolaemia caused by’

Answer 11

ABC G5, ABC G8 mutations > excess plant sterol absortpion > increased plant sterol concentration

Question 12

3 clinical features of FH

Answer 12

Corneal arcus
Xanthalasma
Tendon xanthoma

Question 13

What is function of PKSK9?

Answer 13

Binds to LDL receptor

Promotes degradation of LDL receptor