Acid-Base

Question 1

what is normal CO2 range ong blood gas

Answer 1

4.7 to 6

Question 2

what is normal bicarb range on blood gas

Answer 2

22-30

Question 3

what is normal O2 range on blood gas

Answer 3

10-13kPa

Question 4

is bicarb acidic or alkaline?

Answer 4

alkaline

Question 5

what are causes of metabolic acidosis

Answer 5

high lactate, DKA, renal tubular acidosis, renal failure, intestinal fistula

Question 6

what are causes of metabollic alkalosis

Answer 6

pyloric stenosis

hypokaleemia

Question 7

what are causes of resp acidosis

Answer 7

inability to blow off CO2 (T2 resp failure)

Question 8

what are causees of resp alkalosis

Answer 8

mechanical ventilation

anxiety/panic attack

Question 9

what is the formula for the anion gap

Answer 9

Na + K - Cl - HCO

Question 10

what are causes for an elevated anion gap

Answer 10

KULT

Ketoacidosis (DKA, starvation, alcoholic)
Uraemia (renal failure)
Lactic acidosis
Toxins (ethylene glycol, methanol, paraaldehyde, salycate)

Question 11

what is the osmolar gap and how is it calculated

Answer 11

osmolality (measured) - osmolaRity (calculated)

Question 12

What does low dose vs high dose dexaamethhasone suppr test tel you

Answer 12

low: faills to suppress cortison in ALL causes
highh: suppresses only in cranial